List of popes

This chronological list of popes corresponds to that given in the Annuario Pontificio under the heading «I Sommi Pontefici Romani» (The Supreme Pontiffs of Rome), excluding those that are explicitly indicated as antipopes. Published every year by the Roman Curia, the Annuario Pontificio attaches no consecutive numbers to the popes, stating that it is impossible to decide which side represented at various times the legitimate succession, in particular regarding Pope Leo VIII, Pope Benedict V and some mid-11th-century popes. The 2001 edition of the Annuario Pontificio introduced «almost 200 corrections to its existing biographies of the popes, from St Peter to John Paul II». The corrections concerned dates, especially in the first two centuries, birthplaces and the family name of one pope.

The term pope (Latin: papa, lit. ‘father’) is used in several Churches to denote their high spiritual leaders (for example Coptic Pope). This title in English usage usually refers to the head of the Catholic Church. The Catholic pope uses various titles by tradition, including Summus Pontifex, Pontifex Maximus, and Servus servorum Dei. Each title has been added by unique historical events and unlike other papal prerogatives, is not incapable of modification.

Hermannus Contractus may have been the first historian to number the popes continuously. His list ends in 1049 with Pope Leo IX as number 154. Several changes were made to the list during the 20th century. Antipope Christopher was considered legitimate for a long time. Pope-elect Stephen was considered legitimate under the name Stephen II until the 1961 edition, when his name was erased. Although these changes are no longer controversial, a number of modern lists still include this «first Pope Stephen II». It is probable that this is because they are based on the 1913 edition of the Catholic Encyclopedia, which is in the public domain.

A significant number of these popes have been recognized as saints, including 48 out of the first 50 consecutive popes, and others are in the sainthood process. Of the first 31 popes, 28 died as martyrs.

Plaque commemorating the popes buried in St Peter's (their names in Latin and the year of their burial)

Chronological list

1st millennium

1st century

Popes of the 1st century

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Portrait	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
1	30/33 – 64/68		St Peter PETRUS	Šimon Kêpâ (Simon Peter)	AD 1 Bethsaida, Galilea, Imperii Romaniae(Now Bethsaida, Galilee, Israel)	29–32 / 63–67	Converted Jew. Apostle of Jesus. According to Catholic tradition he received the keys of the Kingdom of Heaven (Matthew 16:18–19). Feast day (Feast of Saints Peter and Paul) 29 June, (Chair of Saint Peter) 22 February. He is recognized by the Catholic Church as the first Bishop of Rome appointed by Christ. Also revered as saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 29 June. St. Peter’s Basilica in Vatican City is named after him.
2	64/68 – 76/79		St Linus Papa LINUS	Linus	10 AD Volterrae, Italia, Roman Empire (Now Volterra, Italy)	54–58 / 66–69	First Roman pope. Feast day 23 September. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 7 June.
3	76/79 – 88/91		St Anacletus (Cletus) Papa ANACLETUS (Cletus)	Anáklētos (or Klḗtos)	25 AD Athenae, Achaea, Roman Empire	51–54 / 63–66	First Greek pope. Feast day 26 April. Once erroneously split into Cletus and Anacletus.
4	26 April 88 – 23 Nov 99 (11 years, 211 days) (4228)		St Clement I Papa CLEMENS	Clemens	c. 35 AD Roma, Italy, Roman Empire	53 / 64 (†66)	Roman. Feast day 23 November. Issued 1 Clement which is said to be the basis of apostolic authority for the clergy. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 25 November.
5	23 Nov 99 – 27 Oct 105 (5 years, 338 days) (2164)		St Evaristus Papa EVARISTUS	Euáristos	c. 30 AD Bethleem, Iudaea, Roman Empire (now Bethlehem, West Bank, Palestine)	69 / 75	Converted Jew. Said to have divided Rome into parishes, assigning a priest to each. Feast day of 26 October.

2nd century

Popes of the 2nd century

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Portrait	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
6	27 Oct 105 – 3 May 115 (9 years, 188 days) (3475)		St Alexander I Papa ALEXANDER	Alexander	c. 75 ADRome, Italia, Roman Empire	30 / 40	Roman. Inaugurated the custom of blessing houses with holy water. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 18 March.
7	3 May 115 – 3 April 125 (9 years, 335 days) (3623)		St Sixtus I Papa XYSTUS	Xystus	42 AD Rome, Italia, Roman Empire	73 / 83	Roman. Feast day of 6 April. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 10 August.
8	3 April 125 – 5 Jan 136 (10 years, 277 days) (3929)		St Telesphorus Papa TELESPHORUS	Telesphóros	c. 67 ADTerra Nova, Italy, Roman Empire	58 / 69	Greek. Feast day of 5 January. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 22 February. Church Father St. Irenaeus called him a great martyr.
9	5 Jan 136 – 11 Jan 140 (4 years, 6 days) (1467)		St Hyginus Papa HYGINUS	Hygínos	c. 74 Athens, Achaea, Roman Empire	58 / 62	Greek. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 11 January.
10	11 Jan 140 – 11 July 155 (15 years, 181 days) (5660)		St Pius I Papa PIUS	Pius	c. 81 ADAquileia, Italy, Roman Empire	59 / 74	Roman. Martyred by sword; feast day 11 July. Decreed that Easter should only be celebrated on a Sunday.
11	11 July 155 – 20 April 166 (10 years, 283 days) (3936)		St Anicetus Papa ANICETUS	Aníkētos	c. 92 ADEmesa, Syria, Roman Empire (now Homs, Syria)	63 / 74	Converted Jew. First pope from Syria. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 17 April. Decreed that priests are not allowed to have long hair.
12	20 April 166 – 22 April 174 (8 years, 2 days) (2924)		St Soter Papa SOTERIUS	Soterius	c. 119 ADFundi, Aquileia, Roman Empire	46 / 55	Roman. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 22 April. Declared that marriage was valid as a sacrament blessed by a priest; formally inaugurated Easter as an annual festival in Rome.
13	22 April 174 – 26 May 189 (15 years, 34 days) (5513)		St Eleutherius Papa ELEUTHERIUS	Eleuthérios	c. 130 ADNicopolis, Epirus, Roman Empire	45 / 59	Greek. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 6 May.
14	26 May 189 – 28 July 199 (10 years, 63 days) (3715)		St Victor I Papa VICTOR	Victor	Africa, Roman Empire		Converted Berber. Known for excommunicating Theodotus of Byzantium. Quartodecimanism controversy.
15	28 July 199 – 20 Dec 217 (18 years, 145 days) (6719)		St Zephyrinus Papa ZEPHYRINUS	Zephyrinus	c. 160 ADRome, Italia, Roman Empire	39 / 57	Roman. Combated against the adoptionist heresies of the followers of Theodotus the Byzantium who were ruled by Theodotus, the Money Changer and Asclepiodotus.Although not physically martyred (murdered), he is called a martyr for the suffering he endured.
–	c. 199 – c. 200 (1 year, 0 days) (365)		Natalius Antipapa NATALIUS	Natalius	Rome, Italia, Roman Empire	–	Roman. In opposition to pope Zephyrinus. Later reconciled (see above).

3rd century

Popes of the 3rd century

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Portrait	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
16	20 Dec 217 – 14 Oct 222 (4 years, 298 days) (1759)		St Callixtus I Papa CALLIXTUS	Callixtus	c. 155 ADRome, Italia, Roman Empire	62 / 67	Roman. Martyred; feast day 14 October.
–	217 – 235 (18 years, 0 days) (6574)		St Hippolytus Antipapa HIPPOLYTUS	Hippólytos	c. 170 ADAsia, Roman Empire	47 / 65	Greek. In opposition to Pope Callistus I, Urban I and Pontian. Later reconciled with Pope Pontian (see above).
17	14 Oct 222 – 23 May 230 (7 years, 221 days) (2778)		St Urban I Papa URBANUS	Urbanus	c. 175 ADRome, Italia, Roman Empire	47 / 55	Roman. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 25 May.
18	21 Aug 230 – 28 Sep 235 (5 years, 38 days) (1864)		St Pontian Papa PONTIANUS	Pontianus	c. 175 ADRome, Italia, Roman Empire	55 / 60	Roman. First to abdicate after exile to Sardinia by Emperor Maximinus Thrax. The Liberian Catalogue records his death on 28 Sep 235, the earliest exact date in papal history.
19	21 Nov 235 – 3 Jan 236 (43 days) (43)		St Anterus Papa ANTERUS	Anthērós	c. 180 ADPetilia, Italy, Roman Empire	55 / 56	Greek Roman. Feast day 3 January. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 5 August.
20	10 Jan 236 – 20 Jan 250 (14 years, 10 days) (5124)		St Fabian Papa FABIANUS	Fabianus	c. 200 ADRome, Italia, Roman Empire	36 / 50	Roman. Divided the communities of Rome into seven districts, each supervised by a deacon. Feast day 20 January. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 5 August.
21	6 March 251 – 25 June 253 (2 years, 111 days) (842)		St Cornelius Papa CORNELIUS	Cornelius	c. 180 ADRome, Italia, Roman Empire	71 / 73	Roman. Died as a martyr through extreme hardship; feast day 16 September.
–	March 251 – 258 (7 years, 0 days) (2557)		Novatian Antipapa NOVATIANUS	Novatianus	c. 200/20 ADRome, Italia, Roman Empire	31 (51) / 38 (58)	Roman. Founder of Novatianism. In opposition to Pope Cornelius, Lucius I, Stephen I and Sixtus II.
22	25 June 253 – 5 March 254 (253 days) (253)		St Lucius I Papa LUCIUS	Lucius	c. 200 ADRome, Italia, Roman Empire	48 / 49	Roman. Feast day 5 March.
23	12 March 254 – 2 Aug 257 (3 years, 143 days) (1239)		St Stephen I Papa STEPHANUS	Stéphanos	c. 205 ADRome, Italia, Roman Empire	54 / 57	Greek Roman. Martyred by beheading; feast day 2 August. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with the same feast day.
24	30 Aug 257 – 6 Aug 258 (341 days) (341)		St Sixtus II Papa XYSTUS Secundus	Síxtos	c. 215 ADAthens, Achaea, Roman Empire	42 / 43	Greek. Martyred by beheading. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 10 August.
25	22 July 259 – 26 Dec 268 (9 years, 157 days) (3445)		St Dionysius Papa DIONYSIUS	Dionýsios	c. 200 ADTerra Nova, Italy, Roman Empire	59 / 68	Greek. Feast day 26 December.
26	5 Jan 269 – 30 Dec 274 (5 years, 359 days) (2185)		St Felix I Papa FELIX	Felix	c. 206 ADRome, Italy Roman Empire	63 / 68	Roman.
27	4 Jan 275 – 7 Dec 283 (8 years, 337 days) (3259)		St Eutychian Papa EUTYCHIANUS	Eutychianus	c. 240 ADLuna, Italy, Roman Empire (Now Luni, Italy)	35 / 43	Roman.
28	17 Dec 283 – 22 April 296 (12 years, 127 days) (4510)		St Caius Papa CAIUS	Caius (or Gaius)	c. 245 ADSalona, Dalmatia, Roman Empire	38 / 51	Roman. Martyred by beheading (according to legend). Feast day 22 April. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 11 August.
29	30 June 296 – 26 April 304 (7 years, 301 days) (2856)		St Marcellinus Papa MARCELLINUS	Marcellinus	c. 250 ADRome, Italy, Roman Empire	46 / 54	Roman. Feast day 26 April. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 7 June.

4th century

Popes of the 4th century

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Portrait	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
30	27 May 308 – 16 Jan 309 (234 days) (234)		St Marcellus I Papa MARCELLUS	Marcellus	c. 255 ADRome, Italy, Roman Empire	53 / 54	Roman. Banished from Rome under Maxentius (309).
31	18 April 309 – 17 Aug 310 (1 year, 121 days) (486)		St Eusebius Papa EUSEBIUS	Eusébios	c. 255 ADSardinia, Roman Empire	54 / 54 (†55)	Greek. Banished by the emperor Maxentius, and died in exile.
32	2 July 311 – 10 Jan 314 (2 years, 192 days) (923)		St Miltiades (Melchiades) Papa MILTIADES	Miltiades (or Melchiades)	c. 270 ADAfrica, Roman Empire	41 / 44	Roman. First pope after the end of the persecution of Christians through the Edict of Milan (313 AD) issued by Constantine the Great. Presided over the Lateran council of 313.
33	31 Jan 314 – 31 Dec 335 (21 years, 334 days) (8004)		St Sylvester I Papa SILVESTER	Silvester	c. 285 ADFanum Sancti Angeli de Scala, Apulia et Calabria, Roman Empire	29 / 50	Roman. Feast day 31 December. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 2 January. First Council of Nicaea (325). Under him was built: the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran, Santa Croce in Gerusalemme and Old St. Peter’s Basilica. Stated to be the recipient of the Donation of Constantine, which was later shown to be a forgery.
34	18 Jan 336 – 7 Oct 336 (263 days) (263)		St Mark Papa MARCUS	Marcus	c. 290 ADRome, Italy, Roman Empire	46 / 46	Roman. One of Mark’s undertakings was to compile stories of the lives of martyrs and bishops before his time. There is some reason to believe he founded two churches in the area of Rome. One of them is still known to this day as the Church of San Marco, although it is greatly changed since his time. The other church was at the Catacomb of Balbina, a cemetery. Emperor Constantine gave gifts of land and furnishing for both buildings. Feast day 7 October.
35	6 Feb 337 – 12 April 352 (15 years, 66 days) (5544)		St Julius I Papa IULIUS	Iulius	c. 280 ADRome, Italy, Roman Empire	57 / 72	Roman. Arian controversy. Credited with splitting the birth of Christ into two distinct celebrations: The Epiphany stayed on the traditional date, and the Nativity was added on 25 December.
36	17 May 352 – 24 Sep 366 (14 years, 130 days) (5243)		Liberius Papa LIBERIUS	Liberius	c. 310 ADRome, Italy, Roman Empire	42 / 56	Roman. Earliest pope not canonized by the Roman Catholic Church. Revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 27 August.
–	355 – 22 Nov 365 (10 years, 0 days) (3653)		St Felix II Antipapa FELIX secundus	Felix	Rome, Italy, Roman Empire	–	Roman. In opposition to Pope Liberius. Installed by Roman EmperorConstantius II.
37	1 Oct 366 – 11 Dec 384 (18 years, 71 days) (6646)		St Damasus I Papa DAMASUS	Damasus	c. 305 ADEgitania, Lusitania, Roman Empire	60 / 78	Roman. And the first pope from Portugal. Patron of Jerome, commissioned the Vulgate translation of the Bible. Council of Rome (382). First pope to be the official head of the church after the Emperor Gratian abdicates the title of «Pontifex Maximus».
–	1 Oct 366 – 16 Nov 367 (1 year, 46 days) (411)		Ursicinus Antipapa URSICINUS	Ursinus (or Ursicinus)	Rome, Italy, Roman Empire	–	Roman. In opposition to Pope Damasus I. Banished to Gallia by the emperor Valentinian II after a war between two sects and died after 384.
38	17 Dec 384 – 26 Nov 399 (14 years, 344 days) (5457)		St Siricius Papa SIRICIUS	Sicirius	c. 334 ADRome, Italy, Roman Empire	50 / 65	Roman. His famous letters—the earliest surviving texts of papal decretals—focus particularly on religious discipline and include decisions on baptism, consecration, ordination, penance, and continence. Siricius’ important decretal of 386 (written to Bishop Himerius of Tarragona), commanding celibacy for priests, was the first decree on this subject.
39	27 Nov 399 – 19 Dec 401 (2 years, 22 days) (753)		St Anastasius I Papa ANASTASIUS	Anastasius	c. 340 ADRome, Italy, Roman Empire	59 / 61	Roman. Instructed priests to stand and bow their heads as they read from the Gospels.

5th century

Popes of the 5th century

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Portrait	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
40	21 Dec 401 – 12 March 417 (15 years, 81 days) (5560)		St Innocent I Papa INNOCENTIUS	Innocentius	c. 378 ADAlbanum, Latium et Campania, Roman Empire	41 / 57	Roman. Visigoth Sack of Rome (410) under Alaric.
41	18 March 417 – 26 Dec 418 (1 year, 283 days) (648)		St Zosimus Papa ZOSIMUS	Zṓsimos	c. 370 ADMessurga, Lucania et Bruttii, Roman Empire	47 / 48	Greek.
–	27 Dec 418 – 3 April 419 (97 days) (97)		Eulalius Antipapa EULALIUS	Eulalius	c. 380 ADRome, Italy, Roman Empire	38 / 39 (†42)	Roman. In opposition to Pope Boniface I. Elected on the eve of the election of Boniface, first benefited from the support of the emperor Honorius, but lost it quickly. Exiled in Campania, and died in 423.
42	28 Dec 418 – 4 Sep 422 (3 years, 250 days) (1346)		St Boniface I Papa BONIFACIUS	Bonifacius	c. 377 ADRome, Italy, Roman Empire	43 / 47	Roman.
43	10 Sep 422 – 27 July 432 (9 years, 321 days) (3608)		St Celestine I Papa CAELESTINUS	Caelestinus	c. 380 ADCampania, Roman Empire	42 / 52	Roman. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 8 April.
44	31 July 432 – 18 Aug 440 (8 years, 18 days) (2940)		St Sixtus III Papa XYXTUS Tertius	Xystus	c. 390 ADRome, Italy, Roman Empire	42 / 50	Roman.
45	29 Sep 440 – 10 Nov 461 (21 years, 42 days) (7712)		St Leo I (Leo the Great) Papa LEO MAGNUS	Leo	c. 390 ADEtruria, Italia, Roman Empire	50 / 71	Roman. Convinced Attila the Hun to turn back his invasion of Italy. Wrote the Tome which was instrumental in the Council of Chalcedon and in defining the hypostatic union. Feast day 10 November. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 18 February.
46	19 Nov 461 – 29 Feb 468 (6 years, 102 days) (2293)		St Hilarius Papa HILARIUS	Hilarius	c. 400 ADSardinia, Italy, Western Roman Empire	46 / 53	Roman.
47	3 March 468 – 10 March 483 (15 years, 7 days) (5485)		St Simplicius Papa SIMPLICIUS	Simplicius	c. 430 ADTibur, Italy, Roman Empire	38 / 53	Roman. Papacy during the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and subsequent overtaking of Rome and Italy in general by Odoacer.
48	13 March 483 – 1 March 492 (8 years, 354 days) (3276)		St Felix III (Felix II) Papa FELIX Tertius (Secundus)	Anicius Felix	c. 440 ADRome, Italy, Roman Empire	43 / 52	Imperial Roman pope. Sometimes called Felix II. Great-great-grandfather of pope Gregory I.
49	1 March 492 – 21 Nov 496 (4 years, 265 days) (1726)		St Gelasius I Papa GELASIUS	Gelasius	c. 410 ADCabylia, Africa, Western Roman Empire	82 / 86	Roman. The last pope to have been born on the continent of Africa. The first pope called the «Vicar of Christ».
50	24 Nov 496 – 19 Nov 498 (1 year, 360 days) (725)		Anastasius II Papa ANASTASIUS Secundus	Anastasius	c. 445 ADRome, Italy, Roman Empire	51 / 53	Roman. Tried to end the Acacian schism but it resulted in the Laurentian schism.
51	22 Nov 498 – 19 July 514 (15 years, 239 days) (5717)		St Symmachus Papa SYMMACHUS	Symmachus	c. 460 ADSardinia, Italy, Roman Empire	38 / 54	Roman.
–	22 Nov 498 – Aug 506/8 (7 years, 252 days) (2808)		Laurence Antipapa LAURENTIUS	Laurentius	c. 460 ADRome, Italy, Roman Empire	38 / 46 (†48)	Roman. In opposition to Pope Symmachus. Elected on the same day as Symachus, King Theodoric settled in favor of his adversary. Took control of Rome in 501 and remained pope in fact until 506/08, year of his death.

6th century

Popes of the 6th century

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Portrait	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
52	20 July 514 – 6 Aug 523 (9 years, 17 days) (3304)		St Hormisdas Papa HORMISDAS	Hormisdas	c. 450 ADFrosino, Italy, Roman Empire	64 / 73	Roman. Father of Pope Silverius. Acacian schism.
53	13 Aug 523 – 18 May 526 (2 years, 278 days) (1009)		St John I Papa IOANNES	Ioannes	c. 470 ADSena Iulia, Italy, Western Roman Empire	53 / 56	Roman.
54	12 July 526 – 22 Sep 530 (4 years, 72 days) (1533)		St Felix IV (Felix III) Papa FELIX Quartus (Tertius)	Felix	c. 490 ADSamnium, Kingdom of Odoacer	36 / 40	Roman. Sometimes called Felix III. Built Santi Cosma e Damiano.
55	22 Sep 530 – 17 Oct 532 (2 years, 25 days) (756)		Boniface II Papa BONIFACIUS Secundus	Bonifacius	c. 490 ADRome, Kingdom of Odoacer	40 / 42	First Germanic pope. Changed the numbering of the years in the Julian Calendar from Ab Urbe Condita to Anno Domini.
–	22 Sep 530 – 14 Oct 530 (22 days) (22)		Dioscore Antipapa DIOSCORUS	Dióskouros	Alexandria, Aegyptus, Byzantine Empire	–	Greek. In opposition to Pope Boniface II. Candidate of the Byzantine party, elected by the majority of the cardinals and recognized by Constantinople, he died less than a month after his election.
56	2 Jan 533 – 8 May 535 (2 years, 126 days) (856)		John II Papa IOANNES Secundus	Mercurius	c. 473 ADRome, Western Roman Empire	63 / 65	Roman. First pope not to use his personal name. This was because of the Roman god, Mercury.
57	13 May 535 – 22 April 536 (356 days) (356)		St Agapetus I Papa AGAPETUS	Agapetus	c. 470 ADRome, Kingdom of Odoacer	45 / 46	Roman. Feast days 22 April and 20 September. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 17 April.
58	8 June 536 – 11 March 537 (276 days) (276)		St Silverius Papa SILVERIUS	Silverius	c. 480 ADCicanum, Ostrogothic Kingdom	56 / 57	Roman. Exiled; feast day 20 June, son of Pope Hormisdas.
59	29 March 537 – 7 June 555 (18 years, 70 days) (6644)		Vigilius Papa VIGILIUS	Vigilius	c. 500 ADRome, Kingdom of Odoacer	37 / 55	Roman.
60	16 April 556 – 4 March 561 (4 years, 322 days) (1783)		Pelagius I Papa PELAGIUS	Pelagius	c. 505 ADRome, Ostrogothic Kingdom	51 / 56	Roman. Credited with the construction of the basilica of Santi Apostoli.
61	17 July 561 – 13 July 574 (12 years, 361 days) (4744)		John III Papa IOANNES Tertius	Ioannes Catelinus	c. 520 ADRome, Ostrogothic Kingdom	41 / 54	Roman.
62	2 June 575 – 30 July 579 (4 years, 58 days) (1519)		Benedict I Papa BENEDICTUS	Benedictus	c. 525 ADRome, Ostrogothic Kingdom	50 / 54	Roman.
63	26 Nov 579 – 7 Feb 590 (10 years, 73 days) (3726)		Pelagius II Papa PELAGIUS Secundus	Pelagius	c. 520 ADRome, Ostrogothic Kingdom	59 / 70	Roman (probably of Ostrogothic descent). Ordered the construction of the Basilica di San Lorenzo fuori le Mura.
64	3 Sep 590 – 12 March 604 (13 years, 191 days) (4938)		St Gregory I (Gregory the Great) Papa GREGORIUS MAGNUS	Anicius Gregorius O.S.B.	c. 540 ADRome, Byzantine Empire	50 / 64	Last imperial Roman Pope. Great-great-grandson of pope Felix III. The first formally to employ the titles Servus servorum Dei and Pontifex Maximus. Established the Gregorian chant. Feast day 3 September. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 12 March. Known as «the Father of Christian Worship». Known as «St. Gregory the Dialogist» in Eastern Orthodoxy.

7th century

Popes of the 7th century

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Portrait	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
65	13 Sep 604 – 22 Feb 606 (1 year, 162 days) (527)		Sabinian Papa SABINIANUS	Sabinianus	c. 530 ADBlera, Byzantine Empire	74 / 76	Roman. For the next two centuries the Roman popes were all controlled by the Byzantine Empire.
66	19 Feb 607 – 12 Nov 607 (266 days) (266)		Boniface III Papa BONIFACIUS Tertius	Boniphátios Kataandiókēs	c. 540 ADRome, Byzantine Empire	67 / 67	Greek Roman.
67	15 Sep 608 – 8 May 615 (6 years, 235 days) (2426)		St Boniface IV Papa BONIFACIUS Quartus	Bonifacius O.S.B.	c. 550 ADMarsica, Byzantine Empire	58 / 65	Roman. First pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
68	13 Nov 615 – 8 Nov 618 (2 years, 360 days) (1091)		St Adeodatus I (Deusdedit) Papa ADEODATUS sive DEUSDEDIT	Adeodatus (or Deusdedit)	c. 570 ADRome, Byzantine Empire	55 / 58	Roman. Sometimes called Deusdedit, as a result Pope Adeodatus II is sometimes called Pope Adeodatus without a number. The first pope to use lead seals on papal documents, which in time came to be called Papal bulls.
69	23 Dec 619 – 25 Oct 625 (5 years, 306 days) (2133)		Boniface V Papa BONIFACIUS Quintus	Boniphátios Phoumínos	c. 575 ADNeapolis, Byzantine Empire	44 / 50	Greek.
70	27 Oct 625 – 12 Oct 638 (12 years, 350 days) (4733)		Honorius I Papa HONORIUS	Honorius	c. 585 ADCeperanum, Campania, Byzantine Empire	40 / 53	Roman. Named a heretic and anathematized by the Third Council of Constantinople. (680)
71	28 May 640 – 2 Aug 640 (66 days) (66)		Severinus Papa SEVERINUS	Severinus	c. 585 ADRome, Byzantine Empire	55 / 55	Roman.
72	24 Dec 640 – 12 Oct 642 (1 year, 292 days) (657)		John IV Papa IOANNES Quartus	Iōánnēs	c. 587 ADIadera, Dalmatia, Byzantine Empire	40 / 42	Greek.
73	24 Nov 642 – 14 May 649 (6 years, 171 days) (2363)		Theodore I Papa THEODORUS	Theódōros	c. 610 ADHierosolyma, Byzantine Empire	32 / 39	Greek. The last pope from Palestine. Planned the Lateran Council of 649, but died before it could open.
74	5 July 649 – 12 Nov 655 (6 years, 130 days) (2321)		St Martin I Papa MARTINUS	Martinus	c. 590 ADNear Tuder, Umbria, Byzantine Empire	59 / 65	Roman. Last pope recognized as a martyr. Feast day of 12 November. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 14 April.
75	10 Aug 654 – 2 June 657 (2 years, 296 days) (1027)		St Eugene I Papa EUGENIUS	Eugenius	c. 615 ADRome, Duchy of Rome (formallyByzantine Empire)	39 / 42	Roman.
76	30 July 657 – 27 Jan 672 (14 years, 181 days) (5294)		St Vitalian Papa VITALIANUS	Vitalianus	c. 600 Signia, Duchy of Rome (formallyByzantine Empire)	57 / 72	Roman.
77	11 April 672 – 17 June 676 (4 years, 67 days) (1528)		Adeodatus II Papa ADEODATUS Secundus	Adeodatus (or Deusdedit) O.S.B.	c. 621 Rome, Duchy of Rome (formallyByzantine Empire)	51 / 55	Roman. Sometimes called Pope Adeodatus (without a number) in reference to Pope Adeodatus I sometimes being called Pope Deusdedit. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
78	2 Nov 676 – 11 April 678 (1 year, 160 days) (525)		Donus Papa DONUS	Donus	c. 610 Rome, Duchy of Rome (formallyByzantine Empire)	66 / 68	Roman.
79	27 June 678 – 10 Jan 681 (2 years, 197 days) (928)		St Agatho Papa AGATHO	Agáthōn	c. 577 Panormus, Sicilia, Byzantine Empire	101 / 104	Greek. The oldest pope in history. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 20 February.
80	17 Aug 682 – 3 July 683 (320 days) (320)		St Leo II Papa LEO Secundus	Léōn	c. 611 Aydonum, Sicily, Byzantine Empire	71 / 72	Greek. Feast day 3 July.
81	26 June 684 – 8 May 685 (316 days) (316)		St Benedict II Papa BENEDICTUS Secundus	Benedictus	c. 635 Rome, Duchy of Rome (formallyByzantine Empire)	49 / 50	Roman. Feast day 7 May.
82	23 July 685 – 2 Aug 686 (1 year, 10 days) (375)		John V Papa IOANNES Quintus	Iōánnēs	c. 635 Antiochia, Syria, Byzantine Empire	50 / 51	Syrian.
83	21 Oct 686 – 21 Sep 687 (335 days) (335)		Conon Papa CONON	Kónōn	c. 630 Thracia, Byzantine Empire	56 / 57	Greek.
84	15 Dec 687 – 8 Sep 701 (13 years, 267 days) (5015)		St Sergius I Papa SERGIUS	Sérgios	c. 650 Palermo, Sicily, Byzantine Empire	37 / 51	Syrian. Introduced the singing of the Lamb of God at mass.

8th century

Popes of the 8th century

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Portrait	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
85	30 Oct 701 – 11 Jan 705 (3 years, 73 days) (1169)		John VI Papa IOANNES Sextus	Iōánnēs	c. 650 Ephesus, Byzantine Empire	46 / 50	Greek. The only pope who came from Asia Minor.
86	1 March 705 – 18 Oct 707 (2 years, 231 days) (961)		John VII Papa IOANNES Septimus	Iōánnēs	c. 655 Rossanum, Calabria, Byzantine Empire	55 / 57	Greek. The second pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor.
87	15 Jan 708 – 4 Feb 708 (20 days) (20)		Sisinnius Papa SISINNIUS	Sisínios	c. 650 Syria, Rashidun Caliphate	58 / 58	Syrian.
88	25 March 708 – 9 April 715 (7 years, 15 days) (2571)		Constantine Papa COSTANTINUS sive CONSTANTINUS	Kōnstantínos	c. 664 Syria, Umayyad Caliphate	44 / 51	Syrian. Last pope to visit Greece while in office, until John Paul II in 2001.
89	19 May 715 – 11 Feb 731 (15 years, 268 days) (5747)		St Gregory II Papa GREGORIUS Secundus	Gregorius	c. 669 Rome, Duchy of Rome (formallyByzantine Empire)	46 / 62	Roman. Feast day 11 February. Held the Synod of Rome (721).
90	18 March 731 – 28 Nov 741 (10 years, 255 days) (3908)		St Gregory III Papa GREGORIUS Tertius	Grēgórios	c. 669 Syria, Umayyad Caliphate	41 / 51	Syrian. The last pope from Syria. The third pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor. Was previously the last pope to have been born outside Europe until the election of Francis in 2013.
91	3 Dec 741 – 22 March 752 (10 years, 110 days) (3762)		St Zachary Papa ZACHARIAS	Zakharías	c. 679 Sancta Severina, Calabria, Byzantine Empire	62 / 73	Greek. Feast day 15 March. Built the church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva.
(never consecrated)	22 March 752 – 25 March 752 (3) (Never took office as pope)		Pope-elect Stephen (Stephen II) Papa Electus STEPHANUS ( STEPHANUS Secundus)	Stephanus	c. 700 Rome, Duchy of Rome (formallyByzantine Empire)	52 / 52	Roman. Sometimes known as Stephen II. Died three days after his election; never receiving episcopal consecration. Some lists still include him. The Vatican sanctioned his addition in the sixteenth century; removed in 1961. He is no longer considered a pope by the Catholic Church.
92	26 March 752 – 26 April 757 (5 years, 31 days) (1857)		Stephen II (Stephen III) Papa STEPHANUS Secundus (Tertius)	Stephanus	c. 714 Rome, Duchy of Rome (formallyByzantine Empire)	38 / 43	Roman. Sometimes called Stephen III. The Donation of Pepin. Brother of Paul I.
93	29 May 757 – 28 June 767 (10 years, 30 days) (3682)		St Paul I Papa PAULUS	Paulus	c. 700 Rome, Duchy of Rome (formallyByzantine Empire)	57 / 67	Roman. Brother of Stephen II.
94	7 Aug 768 – 24 Jan 772 (3 years, 170 days) (1265)		Stephen III (Stephen IV) Papa STEPHANUS Tertius (Quartus)	Stéphanos	c. 723 Syracuse, Thema Sicelias, Byzantine Empire	45 / 49	Greek. Sometimes called Stephen IV. The Lateran Council (769).
95	1 Feb 772 – 26 Dec 795 (23 years, 328 days) (8729)		Adrian I Papa HADRIANUS	Hadrianus Columna	a. 700/12 Rome, Duchy of Rome (formallyByzantine Empire)	60 (72) / 83 (95)	Roman.
96	26 Dec 795 – 12 June 816 (20 years, 169 days) (7474)		St Leo III Papa LEO Tertius	Leo	c. 750 Rome, Duchy of Rome (formallyByzantine Empire)	45 / 66	Roman. Crowned Charlemagne Imperator Augus on Christmas Day, 800, thereby initiating what would become the office of Holy Roman Emperor requiring the imprimatur of the pope for its legitimacy.

9th century

Popes of the 9th century

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Portrait	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
97	22 June 816 – 24 Jan 817 (216 days) (216)		Stephen IV (Stephen V) Papa STEPHANUS Quartus (Quintus)	Stefano	c. 770 Rome, Papal States	46 / 47	Early Italian. Sometimes called Stephen V.
98	25 Jan 817 – 11 Feb 824 (7 years, 17 days) (2573)		St Paschal I Papa PASCHALIS	Pasquale	c. 775 Rome, Papal States	42 / 49	Italian. Son of Bonosus and Episcopa Theodora. Credited with finding the body of Saint Cecilia in the Catacomb of Callixtus, building the basilica of Santa Cecilia in Trastevere and the church of Santa Maria in Domnica.
99	8 May 824 – 27 Aug 827 (3 years, 111 days) (1206)		Eugene II Papa EUGENIUS Secundus	Eugenio	c. 780 Rome, Papal States	44 / 47	Italian.
100	31 Aug 827 – 10 Oct 827 (40 days) (40)		Valentine Papa VALENTINUS	Valentino Leoni	c. 780 Rome, Papal States	47 / 47	Italian.
101	20 Dec 827 – 25 Jan 844 (16 years, 36 days) (5880)		Gregory IV Papa GREGORIUS Quartus	Gregorio	c. 790 Rome, Papal States	37 / 54	Italian. Rebuilt the atrium of St. Peter’s Basilica and in the newly decorated chapel transferred the body of Gregory I.
102	25 Jan 844 – 27 Jan 847 (3 years, 2 days) (1098)		Sergius II Papa SERGIUS Secundus	Sergio	c. 790 Rome, Papal States	54 / 57	Italian.
103	10 April 847 – 17 July 855 (8 years, 98 days) (3020)		St Leo IV Papa LEO Quartus	Leone O.S.B.	c. 790 Rome, Papal States	57 / 65	Lombard. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
104	29 Sep 855 – 7 April 858 (2 years, 190 days) (921)		Benedict III Papa BENEDICTUS Tertius	Benedictus	c. 810 Rome, Papal States	45 / 48	Italian.
105	24 April 858 – 13 Nov 867 (9 years, 203 days) (3490)		St Nicholas I (Nicholas the Great) Papa NICOLAUS MAGNUS	Nicolaus	c. 800 Rome, Papal States	39 / 48	Italian. Encouraged missionary activity.
106	14 Dec 867 – 14 Dec 872 (5 years, 0 days) (1827)		Adrian II Papa HADRIANUS Secundus	Adriano	c. 792 Rome, Papal States	75 / 80	Italian.
107	14 Dec 872 – 16 Dec 882 (10 years, 2 days) (3654)		John VIII Papa IOANNES Octavus	Giovanni	c. 820 Rome, Papal States	52 / 62	Italian. First pope to be assassinated.
108	16 Dec 882 – 15 May 884 (1 year, 151 days) (516)		Marinus I Papa MARINUS	Marino	c. 830 Gallese, Papal States	52 / 54	Italian. Sometimes also known as and called «Martin II.»
109	17 May 884 – 15 Sep 885 (1 year, 121 days) (486)		St Adrian III Papa HADRIANUS Tertius	Adriano	c. 830 Rome, Papal States	49 / 50	Italian. Feast day 8 July. Maybe the pope Adrian I was his ancestor.
110	14 Sep 885 – 4 Sep 891 (5 years, 355 days) (2181)		Stephen V (Stephen VI) Papa STEPHANUS Quintus (Sextus)	Stefano	c. 840 Rome, Papal States	45 / 51	Italian. Sometimes called Stephen VI.
111	6 Oct 891 – 4 April 896 (4 years, 181 days) (1642)		Formosus Papa FORMOSUS	Formoso	c. 805/16 Ostia, Papal States	75 (85) / 80 (91)	Italian. Posthumously ritually executed following the Cadaver Synod.
112	11 April 896 – 26 April 896 (15 days) (15)		Boniface VI Papa BONIFATIUS Sextus	Bonifacio	c. 806 Rome, Papal States	90 / 90	Italian.
113	22 May 896 – 14 Aug 897 (1 year, 84 days) (449)		Stephen VI (Stephen VII) Papa STEPHANUS Sextus (Septimus)	Stefano di Spoletto	c. 850 Rome, Papal States	46 / 47	Italian. Sometimes called Stephen VII. Held the infamous Cadaver Synod.
114	14 Aug 897 – Nov 897 (92 days) (92)		Romanus Papa ROMANUS	Romano Marini	c. 850 Gallese, Papal States	47 / 47	Italian.
115	Dec 897 – 20 Dec 897 (19 days) (19)		Theodore II Papa THEODORUS Secundus	Theódōros	c. 840 Rome, Papal States	57 / 57	Greek Italian.
116	18 Jan 898 – 5 Jan 900 (1 year, 352 days) (717)		John IX Papa IOANNES Nonus	Giovanni O.S.B.	c. 840 Tivoli, Papal States	58 / 60	Germanic Italian. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.

10th century

Popes of the 10th century

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Portrait	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
117	1 Feb 900 – 30 July 903 (3 years, 179 days) (1274)		Benedict IV Papa BENEDICTUS Quartus	Benedetto	c. 840 Rome, Papal States	60 / 63	Italian.
118	30 July 903 – Dec 903 (124 days) (124)		Leo V Papa LEO Quintus	Leone Britigena	c. 845 Ardea, Papal States	58 / 58 (†59)	Italian. Deposed and murdered.
–	Oct 903 – Jan 904 (92 days) (92)		Christopher Antipapa CHRISTOFORO	Cristoforo	Rome, Papal States		Italian. In opposition to Pope Leo V and Pope Sergius III
119	29 Jan 904 – 14 April 911 (7 years, 75 days) (2632)		Sergius III Papa SERGIUS Tertius	Sergio di Tuscolo	c. 860 Rome, Papal States	44 / 51	Italian. «Saeculum obscurum» begins. The first pope to be depicted with the Papal Tiara.
120	14 April 911 – June 913 (2 years, 48 days) (779)		Anastasius III Papa ANASTASIUS Tertius	Anastasio	c. 865 Rome, Papal States	46 / 48	Italian.
121	7 July 913 – 5 Feb 914 (213 days) (213)		Lando Papa LANDO	Lando	c. 865 Sabina, Papal States	48 / 49	Italian.
122	March 914 – 28 May 928 (14 years, 88 days) (5202)		John X Papa IOANNES Decimus	Giovanni	c. 860 Tossignano, Romagna (formally part of the Papal States)	54 / 68	Italian.
123	28 May 928 – Dec 928 (187 days) (187)		Leo VI Papa LEO Sextus	Leone	c. 880 Rome, Papal States	48 / 48	Italian.
124	3 Feb 929 – 13 Feb 931 (2 years, 10 days) (740)		Stephen VII (Stephen VIII) Papa STEPHANUS Septimus (Octavus)	Stefano	c. 880 Rome, Papal States	49 / 51	Italian. Sometimes called Stephen VIII.
125	15 March 931 – Dec 935 (4 years, 261 days) (1722)		John XI Papa IOANNES Undecimus	Giovanni di Tuscolo	c. 910 Rome, Papal States	21 / 25	Italian. Probably, according to the Liber Pontificalis and Liutprand of Cremona, the son of Pope Sergius III, and not of Alberic I of Spoleto, who was Marozia’s husband.
126	3 Jan 936 – 13 July 939 (3 years, 191 days) (1287)		Leo VII Papa LEO Septimus	Leone O.S.B.	c. 885 Rome, Papal States	41 / 44	Italian. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
127	14 July 939 – 30 Oct 942 (3 years, 108 days) (1204)		Stephen VIII (Stephen IX) Papa STEPHANUS Octavus (Nonus)	Stefano	c. 900 Rome, Papal States	39 / 42	Italian. Sometimes called Stephen IX.
128	30 Oct 942 – 1 May 946 (3 years, 183 days) (1279)		Marinus II Papa MARINUS Secundus	Marino	c. 900 Rome, Papal States	42 / 46	Italian.
129	10 May 946 – 8 Nov 955 (9 years, 182 days) (3469)		Agapetus II Papa AGAPETUS Secundus	Agapito	c. 905 Rome, Papal States	41 / 50	Italian.
130	16 Dec 955 – 6 Dec 963 (8 years, 356 days) (3278)		John XII Papa IOANNES Duodecimus	Ottaviano di Tuscolo	c. 930/37 Rome, Papal States	18 (25) / 26 (33)	Italian. Third Pope not to use his personal name, after John II and John III. Deposed in 963 by Emperor Otto invalidly; end of the «Saeculum obscurum».
–	6 Dec 963 – 26 Feb 964 (82 days) (82)		Leo VIII Antipapa LEO Octavus	Leone	c. 915 Rome, Papal States	48 / 49	Italian. Appointed antipope by Emperor Otto in 963 in opposition to John XII and Benedict V. He became the true pope after Benedict V was deposed.
130	26 Feb 964 – 14 May 964 (78 days) (78)		John XII Papa IOANNES Duodecimus	Ottaviano di Tuscolo	c. 937 Rome, Papal States	27 / 27	Italian. Murdered in 964.
131	22 May 964 – 23 June 964 (32 days) (32)		Benedict V Papa BENEDICTUS Quintus	Benedetto	c. 915 Rome, Papal States	49 / 49 (†50)	Italian. Elected by the people of Rome, in opposition to the Antipope Leo VIII who was appointed by Emperor Otto; he accepted his own deposition in 964 leaving Leo VIII as the sole pope.
132	23 June 964 – 1 March 965 (251 days) (251)		Leo VIII Papa LEO Octavus	Leone	c. 915 Rome, Papal States	49 / 50	Italian. Became the true pope after Benedict V was deposed, after being antipope from 963 to 964, in opposition to Pope John XII and Pope Benedict V. An appointee of the Holy Roman Emperor, Otto I, his pontificate occurred during the period known as the Saeculum obscurum.
133	1 Oct 965 – 6 Sep 972 (6 years, 341 days) (2532)		John XIII Papa IOANNES Tertius Decimus	Giovanni dei Crescenzi	c. 930 Rome, Papal States	45 / 52	Italian. Chronicled after his death as «the Good».
134	19 Jan 973 – 8 June 974 (1 year, 140 days) (505)		Benedict VI Papa BENEDICTUS Sextus	Benedikt	c. 925 Rome, Papal States	48 / 49	German Italian. Deposed and murdered.
–	July 974– July 974 (30 days) (30)		Boniface VII Antipapa BONFATIUS Septinus	Francone Ferucci	Rome, Italy, Roman Empire		Italian. In opposition to Pope Benedict VI and Pope Benedict VII
135	Oct 974 – 10 July 983 (8 years, 282 days) (3204)		Benedict VII Papa BENEDICTUS Septimus	Benedetto di Spoleto	c. 930 Rome, Papal States	44 / 53	Italian.
136	Dec 983 – 20 Aug 984 (263 days) (263)		John XIV Papa IOANNES Quartus Decimus	Pietro Canepanora	c. 940 Pavia, Kingdom of Italy, Holy Roman Empire	43 / 44	Italian. Fourth Pope not to use his personal name, after John II, John IIIand John XII.
–	20 Aug 984– 20 July 985 (334 days) (334)		Boniface VII Antipapa BONFATIUS Septinus	Francone Ferucci	Rome, Italy, Roman Empire		Italian. In opposition to Pope John XIV and Pope John XV
137	20 Aug 985 – 1 April 996 (10 years, 225 days) (3877)		John XV Papa IOANNES Quintus Decimus	Giovanni di Gallina Alba	c. 950 Rome, Papal States	35 / 46	Italian. The first pope to formally canonize a saint.
138	3 May 996 – 18 Feb 999 (2 years, 291 days) (1021)		Gregory V Papa GREGORIUS Quintus	Bruno von Kärnten	c. 972 Stainach, Duchy of Carinthia, Holy Roman Empire	24 / 27	The first German Pope and fifth not to use his personal name. Henceforth, this decision became tradition among future popes.
–	April 997– Feb 998 (306 days) (306)		John XVI Antipapa IOANNES Sextus Decimus	Iōánnēs Philágathos O.S.B.	c. 941 Rossano, Calabria, Italy, Byzantine Empire	55 / 56 (†60)	Greek. In opposition to Pope Gregory V
139	2 April 999 – 12 May 1003 (4 years, 40 days) (1500)		Sylvester II Papa SILVESTER Secundus	Gerbert d’Aurillac O.S.B.	c. 940/42 Belliac, France	52 (54) / 56 (58)	The first French (Occitan) pope.

2nd millennium

11th century

Popes of the 11th century

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Portrait	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
140	16 May 1003 – 6 Nov 1003 (174 days) (174)		John XVII Papa IOANNES Septimus Decimus	Siccone Secchi	c. 955 Rome, Papal States	48 / 48	Italian.
141	25 December 1003 – 18 July 1009 (5 years, 205 days) (2032)		John XVIII Papa IOANNES Duodevi- cesimus	Giovanni Fasano	c. 965 Rapagnano, Papal States	43 / 49	Italian.
142	31 July 1009 – 12 May 1012 (2 years, 286 days) (1016)		Sergius IV Papa SERGIUS Quartus	Pietro Martino Boccadiporco O.S.B.	c. 970 Rome, Papal States	39 / 42	Italian.
–	12 June 1012 – 31 December 1012 (202 days) (202)		Gregory VI Antipapa GREGORIUS Sextus	Gregorio	Rome, Papal States		Italian. In opposition to Pope Benedict VIII,
143	18 May 1012 – 9 April 1024 (11 years, 327 days) (4344)		Benedict VIII Papa BENEDICTUS Octavus	Teofilatto di Tuscolo	c. 980 Rome, Papal States	32 / 44	Italian.
144	14 May 1024 – 6 Oct 1032 (8 years, 145 days) (3067)		John XIX Papa IOANNES Undevices- imus	Romano di Tuscolo	c. 975 Rome, Papal States	49 / 57	Italian. Brother of Benedict VIII.
145	21 October 1032 – 31 Dec 1044 (12 years, 71 days) (4454)		Benedict IX Papa BENEDICTUS Nonus	Teofilatto di Tuscolo	Rome, Papal States	20 / 32 (†43)	Italian; 1st Term.
146	13 January 1045 – 10 March 1045 (56 days) (56)		Sylvester III Papa SILVESTER Tertius	Giovanni dei Crescenzi Ottaviani	c. 1000 Rome, Papal States	45 / 45 (†63)	Italian. Validity of election questioned; considered Anti-Pope; deposed at the Council of Sutri.
147	10 March 1045 – 1 May 1045 (52 days) (52)		Benedict IX Papa BENEDICTUS Nonus	Teofilatto di Tuscolo	Rome, Papal States	33 / 33 (†43)	Italian. 2nd Term; deposed at the Council of Sutri.
148	5 May 1045 – 20 Dec 1046 (1 year, 229 days) (594)		Gregory VI Papa GREGORIUS Sextus	Giovanni Graziano Pierleoni	c. 1000 Rome, Papal States	45 / 46 (†48)	Italian. Deposed at the Council of Sutri.
149	24 December 1046 – 9 Oct 1047 (289 days) (289)		Clement II Papa CLEMENS Secundus	Suidger von Morsleben-Hornburg	c. 967 Hornburg, Duchy of Saxony, Holy Roman Empire	79 / 80	German. Appointed by Henry III at the Council of Sutri; crowned Henry III as Holy Roman Emperor.
150	8 November 1047 – 17 July 1048 (252 days) (252)		Benedict IX Papa BENEDICTUS Nonus	Teofilatto di Tuscolo	1012 Rome, Papal States	35 / 36 (†43)	Italian. 3rd Term; deposed and excommunicated.
151	16 July 1048 – 9 Aug 1048 (24 days) (24)		Damasus II Papa DAMASUS Secundus	Poppo de Curagnoni	c. 1000 Pildenau, Duchy of Bavaria, Holy Roman Empire	48 / 48	German.
152	12 February 1049 – 19 April 1054 (5 years, 66 days) (1892)		St Leo IX Papa LEO Nonus	Bruno von Egisheim-Dagsburg	21 July 1002 Eguisheim, Duchy of Swabia, Holy Roman Empire	47 / 51	German. In 1054, mutual excommunications of Leo IX and Patriarch of Constantinople Michael I Cerularius began the East–West Schism. The anathematizations were rescinded by Pope Paul VI and Patriarch Athenagoras in 1965.
153	13 April 1055 – 28 July 1057 (2 years, 106 days) (837)		Victor II Papa VICTOR Secundus	Gebhard II von Calw-Dollnstein-Hirschberg	c. 1018 Duchy of Swabia, Holy Roman Empire	37 / 39	German.
154	2 August 1057 – 29 March 1058 (239 days) (239)		Stephen IX (Stephen X) Papa STEPHANUS Nonus (Decimus)	Frederich, Herzog von Lothringen O.S.B.	c. 1020 Duchy of Lorraine, Holy Roman Empire	37 / 38	German. Sometimes called Stephen X. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
–	4 April 1058 – 24 January 1059 (295 days) (295)		Benedict X Antipapa BENEDICTUS Decimus	Giovanni Mincio di Tuscolo	Rome, Papal States		Italian. In opposition to Pope Nicholas II,
155	6 December 1058 – 27 July 1061 (2 years, 233 days) (964)		Nicholas II Papa NICOLAUS Secundus	Gerald de Bourgogne	c. 980 Château de Chevron, County of Savoy, Holy Roman Empire	78 / 81	French. In 1059 the College of Cardinals was designated the sole body of pope electors in the document In nomine Domini. (Papal conclave).
–	30 September 1061– 1072 (10 years, 185 days) (3837)		Honorius II Antipapa HONORIUS Secundus	Pietro Candalus	1010 Verona, Holy Roman Empire	61 / 72	Italian. In opposition to Pope Alexander II
156	30 September 1061 – 21 April 1073 (11 years, 203 days) (4221)		Alexander II Papa ALEXANDER Secundus	Anselmo da Baggio	c. 1018 Baggio, Milan, Holy Roman Empire	46 / 58	Italian. Authorised the Norman conquest of England in 1066.
157	22 April 1073 – 25 May 1085 (12 years, 33 days) (4416)		St Gregory VII Papa GREGORIUS Septimus	Ildebrando Aldobrandeschidi Soana O.S.B.	c. 1015 Sovana, March of Tuscany, Holy Roman Empire	48 / 60	Italian. Initiated the Gregorian Reforms. Restricted the use of the title «Papa» to the Bishop of Rome. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Political struggle with German Emperor Henry IV, who had to go to Canossa (1077).
–	25 Jun 1080– 8 September 1100 (20 years, 75 days) (7379)		Clement III Antipapa CLEMENS Tertius	Pietro Cadnalus	1010 Verona, Holy Roman Empire	61 / 72	Italian. In opposition to Pope Gregory VII, Pope Victor III, Pope Urban II and Pope Paschal II
158	24 May 1086 – 16 Sep 1087 (1 year, 115 days) (480)		Bl. Victor III Papa VICTOR Tertius	Dauferio Epifanio O.S.B.	c. 1026 Benevento, Duchy of Benevento	60 / 61	Italian. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Called the Synod of Benevento (1087) condemning lay investiture.
159	12 March 1088 – 29 July 1099 (11 years, 139 days) (4156)		Bl. Urban II Papa URBANUS Secundus	Odon de Lagery O.S.B.	c. 1042 Châtillon-sur-Marne, County of Champagne, France	46 / 57	French. Preached and started the First Crusade. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
160	13 August 1099– 21 Jan 1118 (18 years, 161 days) (6735)		Paschal II Papa PASCHALIS Secundus	Rainero Ranieri O.S.B.	c. 1050 Bleda, March of Tuscany, Holy Roman Empire	49 / 68	Italian. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Ordered the building of the basilica of Santi Quattro Coronati.
–	8 Sep 1100– Jan. 1101 (115 days) (115)		Theodoric Antipapa THEODORICUS	Teodorico	c. 1030 Rome, Papal States	70 / 71	Italian. In opposition to Pope Paschal II

12th century

Popes of the 12th century

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Portrait	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
–	Jan 1101 – Feb 1102 (1 year, 31 days) (396)		Adalbert Antipapa ADALBERTUS	Adalberto O.S.B.	Rome, Papal States		Italian. In opposition to Pope Paschal II
–	8 Nov 1105– 11 April 1111 (5 years, 154 days) (1980)		Sylvester IV Antipapa SILVESTER quartus	Maguinulf	1050 Rome, Papal States	49 / 55 (†56)	German Italian. In Opposition to Pope Paschal II
161	24 January 1118– 29 Jan 1119 (1 year, 5 days) (370)		Gelasius II Papa GELASIUS Secundus	Giovanni Caetani O.S.B.	c. 1061 Gaeta, Duchy of Gaeta	57 / 58	Italian. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
–	10 Mar 1118 – 20 April 1121 (3 years, 41 days) (1980)		Gregory VIII Antipapa GREGORIUS octavus	Maurice Baurdain	c. 1060 Limousin, Occitania, France	58 / 61 (†77)	French (Occitan). In Opposition to Pope Gelasius II and Pope Callixtus II
162	2 February 1119– 13 Dec 1124 (5 years, 315 days) (2141)		Callixtus II Papa CALLISTUS Secundus	Guy de Bourgogne, Comte de Bourgogne	c. 1060 Quingey, Franche-Comté	59 / 64	French. Opened the First Council of the Lateran in 1123.
–	16 December 1124– 16 Dec 1124 (0 days) (0)		Celestine II Antipapa COELESTINUS secundus	Teobaldo Boccapecora	1050 Rome, Papal States	74 / 74 (†76)	French. In Opposition to Pope Honorius II
163	21 December 1124 – 13 Feb 1130 (5 years, 54 days) (1880)		Honorius II Papa HONORIUS Secundus	Lamberto Scannabecchi da Fiagnano Can.Reg.	9 February 1060 Fiagnano, Romagna, Holy Roman Empire	64 / 70	Italian. Canon Regular of S. Maria di San Reno. Approved the new military order of the Knights Templar in 1128.
164	14 February 1130 – 24 Sep 1143 (13 years, 222 days) (4970)		Innocent II Papa INNOCENTIUS Secundus	Gregorio Papareschi Can.Reg.	c. 1082 Rome, Papal States	48 / 61	Italian. Canon Regular of Lateran; Convened the Second Council of the Lateran, 1139.
–	14 February 1130 – 25 Jan 1138 (7 years, 345 days) (2902)		Anacletus II Antipapa ANACLETUS secundus	Pietro Pierleoni O.S.B.	1090 Rome, Papal States	40 / 48	Italian. In Opposition to Pope Innocent II
–	23 Mar 1138– 25 Mar 1138 (2 days) (2)		Victor IV Antipapa VICTOR Quartus	Gregorio Conti	Rome, Papal States		Italian. In Opposition to Pope Innocent II
165	26 September 1143 – 8 March 1144 (164 days) (164)		Celestine II Papa COELESTINUS Secundus	Guido Guelfuccio de Castello	c. 1085 Città di Castello, Papal States	58 / 59	Italian.
166	12 March 1144 – 15 Feb 1145 (340 days) (340)		Lucius II Papa LUCIUS Secundus	Gherardo Caccianemici dall’Orso Can.Reg.	c. 1095 Bologna, Holy Roman Empire	49 / 50	Italian. Canon Regular of S. Frediano di Lucca.
167	15 February 1145 – 8 July 1153 (8 years, 143 days) (3065)		Bl. Eugene III Papa EUGENIUS Tertius	Pietro dei Paganelli di Montemagno O.Cist.	c. 1080 Montemagno, Republic of Pisa	44 / 52	Italian. Member of the Order of Cistercians. Announced the Second Crusade.
168	12 July 1153 – 3 Dec 1154 (1 year, 144 days) (509)		Anastasius IV Papa ANASTASIUS Quartus	Corrado Demitri della Suburra	c. 1073 Rome, Papal States	80 / 81	Italian.
169	4 December 1154 – 1 Sep 1159 (4 years, 271 days) (1732)		Adrian IV Papa HADRIANUS Quartus	Nicholas Breakspear Can.Reg.	c. 1100 Abbots Langley, Hertfordshire, Kingdom of England	54 / 59	First and only English pope; purportedly granted Ireland to Henry II, King of England. Canon Regular of St. Rufus Monastery.
170	7 September 1159 – 30 Aug 1181 (21 years, 357 days) (8028)		Alexander III Papa ALEXANDER Tertius	Rolando Bandinelli	c. 1100 Siena, Republic of Siena	59 / 81	Italian. Convened the Third Council of the Lateran, 1179.
–	7 September 1159 – 20 Apr 1164 (4 years, 226 days) (1687)		Victor IV Antipapa VICTOR Quartus	Ottaviano dei Crescenzi Ottaviani di Monticelli	1095 Rome, Papal States	64 / 69	Italian. In Opposition to Pope Alexander III
–	28 April 1164 – 22 Sep 1168 (4 years, 147 days) (1608)		Paschal III Antipapa PASCALIS Tertius	Guido di Crema	1110 Rome, Papal States	54 / 58	Italian. In Opposition to Pope Alexander III
–	30 September 1168 – 29 Aug 1178 (9 years, 333 days) (3620)		Callixtus III Antipapa CALLIXTUS Tertius	Giovanni di Struma O.S.B.	1090 Rome, Papal States	78 / 88 (†90)	Italian. In Opposition to Pope Alexander III
–	29 September 1179 – Jan 1180 (124 days) (124)		Innocent III Antipapa INNOCENTIUS Tertius	Lando di Sezze (or Lanzo)	1120 Sezze, Papal States	59 / 60 (†63)	Italian. In Opposition to Pope Alexander III
171	1 September 1181 – 25 Nov 1185 (4 years, 85 days) (1546)		Lucius III Papa LUCIUS Tertius	Ubaldo Allucignoli	c. 1097 Lucca, March of Tuscany, Holy Roman Empire	84 / 88	Italian.
172	25 November 1185 – 20 Oct 1187 (1 year, 329 days) (694)		Urban III Papa URBANUS Tertius	Uberto Crivelli	c. 1100/05 Cuggiono, Holy Roman Empire	67 / 67	Italian.
173	21 October 1187– 17 Dec 1187 (57 days) (57)		Gregory VIII Papa GREGORIUS Octavus	Alberto de Morra Can.Reg.	c. 1105/08 Benevento, Papal States	79 (82) / 79 (82)	Italian. Canon Regular Premostratense. Proposed the Third Crusade.
174	19 December 1187 – 20 March 1191 (3 years, 91 days) (1187)		Clement III Papa CLEMENS Tertius	Paolo Scolari	c. 1130 Rome, Papal States	57 / 61	Italian.
175	30 March 1191 – 8 Jan 1198 (6 years, 284 days) (2476)		Celestine III Papa COELESTINUS Tertius	Giacinto Bobone Orsini	c. 1106 Rome, Papal States	85 / 92	Motto: Perfice gressus meos in semitis tuis («Going in Thy path») Italian.
176	8 January 1198 – 16 July 1216 (18 years, 190 days) (6764)		Innocent III Papa INNOCENTIUS Tertius	Lotario dei Conti di Segni	1161 Gavignano, Papal States	37 / 55	Italian. Convened the Fourth Council of the Lateran, 1215. Initiated the Fourth Crusade but later distanced himself from it and threatened participants with excommunication when it became clear that the leadership abandoned a focus on conquest of the Holy Land and instead intended to sack Christian cities. Endorsed the Franciscan Order.

13th century

Popes of the 13th century

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Portrait	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
177	18 July 1216 – 18 March 1227 (10 years, 243 days) (3895)		Honorius III Papa HONORIUS Tertius	Cencio Savelli	c. 1148/50 Rome, Papal States	66 (68) / 77 (79)	Italian. Initiated the Fifth Crusade. Approved several religious and tertiary orders.
178	19 March 1227 – 22 Aug 1241 (14 years, 156 days) (5270)		Gregory IX Papa GREGORIUS Nonus	Ugolino dei Conti di Segni, O.F.S	c. 1145/70 Anagni, Papal States	57 (82) / 71 (96)	Italian. Canonized Elisabeth of Hungary (1235). Initiated the Inquisition in France and endorsed the Northern Crusades.
179	25 October 1241– 10 Nov 1241 (16 days) (16)		Celestine IV Papa COELESTINUS Quartus	Goffredo Castiglioni	c. 1180/87 Milan, Italy, Holy Roman Empire	54 (61) / 54 (61)	Italian. Died before coronation.
180	25 June 1243 – 7 Dec 1254 (11 years, 165 days) (4183)		Innocent IV Papa INNOCENTIUS Quartus	Sinibaldo Fieschi	c. 1195 Genoa, Republic of Genoa, Holy Roman Empire	48 / 60	Italian. Convened the First Council of Lyons (1245). Issued the bull Ad extirpanda that permitted the torture of heretics (1252).
181	12 December 1254 – 25 May 1261 (6 years, 164 days) (2356)		Alexander IV Papa ALEXANDER Quartus	Rinaldo dei Conti di Jenne	c. 1199 Jenne, Papal States	55 / 62	Italian. Established an Inquisition in France.
182	29 August 1261 – 2 Oct 1264 (3 years, 34 days) (1130)		Urban IV Papa URBANUS Quartus	Jacques Pantaléon	c. 1195 Troyes, County of Champagne, France	66 / 69	French. Instituted the feast of Corpus Christi (1264).
183	5 February 1265– 29 Nov 1268 (3 years, 298 days) (1393)		Clement IV Papa CLEMENS Quartus	Gui Faucoi	23 November 1190 Saint-Gilles, Languedoc, France	62 / 66	French.
—	29 November 1268 – 1 Sep 1271 (2 years, 275 days)		Interregnum				Almost three-year period without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.
184	1 September 1271 – 10 Jan 1276 (4 years, 131 days) (1592)		Bl. Gregory X Papa GREGORIUS Decimus	Tebaldo Visconti, O.F.S	c. 1210 Piacenza, Italy, Holy Roman Empire	51 / 66	Italian. Convened the Second Council of Lyons (1274). Responsible for regulation all papal conclaves until the 20th century.
185	21 January 1276– 22 June 1276 (153 days) (153)		Bl. Innocent V Papa INNOCENTIUS Quintus	Pierre de Tarentaise, O.P.	c. 1224/5 County of Savoy, Holy Roman Empire	52 / 52	French. Member of the Dominican Order.
186	11 July 1276 – 18 Aug 1276 (38 days) (38)		Adrian V Papa HADRIANUS Quintus	Ottobuono Fieschi	c. 1216 Genoa, Republic of Genoa, Holy Roman Empire	60 / 60	Italian. Annulled Gregory X’s papal bull on the regulations of papal conclaves.
187	8 September 1276 – 20 May 1277 (254 days) (254)		John XXI Papa IOANNES Vicesimus Primus	Pedro Julião (a.k.a. Petrus Hispanus and Pedro Hispano)	c. 1215 Lisbon, Portugal	60 / 70	Portuguese. Due to a confusion over the numbering of popes named John in the 13th century, there was no John XX. There has never been a John XX, because the 20th pope of this name formerly when elected, decided to skip the number XX and be counted as John XXI instead. He wanted to correct what in his time was believed to be an error in the counting of his predecessors John XV to XIX.
188	25 November 1277 – 22 Aug 1280 (2 years, 271 days) (1001)		Nicholas III Papa NICOLAUS Tertius	Giovanni Gaetano Orsini	c. 1216 Rome, Papal States	61 / 64	Italian. Planned the Sicilian Vespers.
189	22 February 1281 – 28 March 1285 (4 years, 34 days) (1495)		Martin IV Papa MARTINUS Quartus	Simon de Brion	c. 1210 Meinpicien, Touraine, France	71 / 75	French.
190	2 April 1285 – 3 April 1287 (2 years, 1 day) (731)		Honorius IV Papa HONORIUS Quartus	Giacomo Savelli	c. 1210 Rome, Papal States	75 / 77	Italian.
191	22 February 1288 – 4 April 1292 (4 years, 42 days) (1503)		Nicholas IV Papa NICOLAUS Quartus	Girolamo Masci, O.F.M.	30 September 1227 Lisciano, Papal States	60 / 64	Italian. Member of the Franciscan Order.
—	4 April 1292 – 5 July 1294 (2 years, 94 days)		Interregnum				Two-year period without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.
192	5 July 1294 – 13 Dec 1294 (161 days) (161)		St Celestine V Papa COELESTINUS Quintus	Pietro Angelerio, O.S.B.	c. 1207/09 Sant’Angelo Limosano, Kingdom of Sicily	85 (87) / (85) 87 (†87/9)	Italian. One of the few popes who abdicated voluntarily. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Founded the Celestines. Resigned from office and rumored to have been murdered in prison by Boniface VIII.
193	24 December 1294 – 11 Oct 1303 (8 years, 291 days) (3212)		Boniface VIII Papa BONIFATIUS Octavus	Benedetto Caetani	c. 1230/36 Anagni, Papal States	59 (64) / 68 (73)	Italian. Formalized the Jubilee in 1300. Issued Unam Sanctam (1302) which proclaimed papal supremacy and pushing it to its historical extreme.

14th century

Popes of the 14th century

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Portrait	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
194	22 October 1303– 7 July 1304 (259 days) (259)		Bl. Benedict XI Papa BENEDICTUS Undecimus	Niccolò Boccasini, O.P.	c. 1240 Treviso, Papal States	63 / 64	Motto: Illustra faciem Tuam super servum Tuum («Let Your Face shine upon Your servant»)Italian. Member of the Dominican Order. Reverted Boniface VIII’s Unam Sanctam.
195	5 June 1305 – 20 April 1314 (8 years, 319 days) (3241)		Clement V Papa CLEMENS Quintus	Raymond Bertrand de Gouth/ de Goth/de Got	c. 1264 Villandraut, Gascony, France	41 / 50	French. Pope at Avignon. Convened the Council of Vienne (1311–1312). Initiated the persecution of the Knights Templar with the bull Pastoralis Praeeminentiae under pressure from King Philip IV of France.
—	20 April 1314 – 7 Aug 1316 (2 years, 111 days)		Interregnum				Two-year period without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.
196	7 August 1316 – 4 Dec 1334 (18 years, 119 days) (6693)		John XXII Papa IOANNES Vicesimus Secundus	Jacques d’Euse; Jacques Duèse	c. 1244/49 Cahors, Quercy, France	67 (72) / 85 (90)	French. Pope at Avignon. Controversial for his views on the Beatific Vision.
–	12 May 1328– 25 July 1330 (2 years, 74 days) (804)		Nicholas V Papa Nicolaus Quintus	Pietro Rainalducci, O.F.M.	1260 Corvaro, Papal States	68 / 70 (†73)	Italian. In Opposition to John XXII
197	20 December 1334 – 25 April 1342 (7 years, 126 days) (2683)		Benedict XII Papa BENEDICTUS Duodecimus	Jacques Fournier, O.Cist.	c. 1280/85 Saverdun, County of Foix, France	49 (54) / 57 (62)	French. Pope at Avignon. Member of the Order of Cistercians. Known for issuing the Apostolic constitution Benedictus Deus (1336).
198	7 May 1342 – 6 Dec 1352 (10 years, 213 days) (3866)		Clement VI Papa CLEMENS Sextus	Pierre Roger, O.S.B.	c. 1291 Maumont, Limousin, France	51 / 61	French. Pope at Avignon. Reigned during the Black Death and absolved those who died of it of their sins.
199	18 December 1352 – 12 Sep 1362 (9 years, 268 days) (3555)		Innocent VI Papa INNOCENTIUS Sextus	Étienne Aubert	c. 1282 Les Monts, Limousin, France	70 / 80	French. Pope at Avignon. Through his exertions the Treaty of Brétigny (1360) was brought about.
200	28 September 1362 – 19 Dec 1370 (8 years, 82 days) (3004)		Bl. Urban V Papa URBANUS Quintus	Guillaume (de) Grimoard, O.S.B.	c. 1309/10 Grizac, Languedoc, France	52 (53) / 60 (61)	French. Pope at Avignon. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Reformed areas of education and sent missionary movements across Europe and Asia. His pontificate witnessed the Alexandrian and Savoyard crusades.
201	30 December 1370 – 27 March 1378 (7 years, 87 days)8 (2644)		Gregory XI Papa GREGORIUS Undecimus	Pierre Roger de Beaufort	c. 1329 Maumont, Limousin, France	41 / 49	French. Pope at Avignon; returns to Rome. The last French pope.
202	8 April 1378 – 15 Oct 1389 (11 years, 190 days) (4208)		Urban VI Papa URBANUS Sextus	Bartolomeo Prignano	c. 1318 Naples, Kingdom of Naples	60 / 71	Italian. Western Schism. Last pontiff to be elected outside the College of Cardinals.
–	20 September 1378 – 16 September 1394 (15 years, 353 days) (5832 days)		Clement VII Papa CLEMENS Septinus	Robert of Geneva	1342 Chateau d’Annecy, County of Savoy, H.R.E.	36 / 52	French. In Opposition to Urban VI (1378–89) and Boniface IX(1389–1404)
–	28 September 1394 – 23 May 1423 (28 years, 237 days) (10463 days)		Benedict XIII Papa BENEDICTUS Quartus Decimus	Pedro Martínez de Luna y Pérez de Gotor	25 November 1328 Chateau d’Annecy, County of Savoy, H.R.E.	66 / 94	French. In Opposition to Popes Boniface IX (1389–1404), Innocent VII (1404–06), Gregory XII (1406–15), Martin V (1417–31) and Pisan Antipopes Alexander V (1409–10) and John XXIII(1410–15)
203	2 November 1389 – 1 Oct 1404 (14 years, 334 days) (5446)		Boniface IX Papa BONIFATIUS Nonus	Pietro Tomacelli Cybo	c. 1348/50 Naples, Kingdom of Naples	33 (35) / 48 (50)	Italian. Western Schism.

15th century

• ^R This pope resigned his office.
• ^B The exact birth date of Innocent VIII and almost all popes prior to Eugene IV is unknown, therefore the lowest probable age has been assumed for this table.

Popes of the 15th century

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Portrait	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
204	17 October 1404– 6 Nov 1406 (2 years, 20 days) (750)		Innocent VII Papa INNOCENTIUS Septimus	Cosimo Gentile Migliorati	1336/39 Sulmona, Kingdom of Naples	65 (68) / 67 (71)	Italian. Western Schism.
205	30 November 1406 – 4 July 1415 (8 years, 216 days) (3138)		Gregory XII Papa Gregorius Duodecimus	Angelo Correr	14 May 1324 Venice, Republic of Venice	82 / 91 (†91)	Italian. Western Schism. Last Pope to abdicate during the Second Millennium CE. Died 18 October 1417.
–	30 June 1409 – 3 May 1410 (307 days) (307)		Alexander V AntipapaAlexanderQuintus	Pétros Philárgos, O.F.M.	1339 Candia Lomellina, Lombardy, Duchy of Milan	70 / 71	Greek. Western Schism; In Opposition to Gregory XIIconsidered a legitimate Pope until 1963 and is numbered as such to this day.
–	25 May 1410 – 30 May 1415 (5 years, 5 days) (1831)		John XXIII AntipapaIoannesVicesimus Tertius	Baldassarre Cossa	1365 Procida, Naples	45 / 50 (†54)	Italian. Western Schism; In Opposition to Gregory XII, Abdicated, later Became The Dean of the College of Cardinalsin 1417. Was considered a legitimate Pope until 1963. Convened Council of Constance.
—	4 July 1415 – 11 Nov 1417 (2 years, 136 days) (867days)		Interregnum				Two-year period without a valid pope elected. Council of Constancecollectively exercised Papal power until all popes were dead.
206	11 November 1417 – 20 Feb 1431 (13 years, 101 days) (4849)		Martin V Papa MARTINUS Quintus	Oddone Colonna, O.F.S	Jan/Feb 1369 Genazzano, Papal States	48 / 62	Italian. Convened the Council of Basel (1431). Initiated the Hussite Wars.
–	12 November 1425 – 26 July 1429 (6 years, 49 days) (2241)		Clement VIII Antipapa Clemens Octavus	Gil Sánchez Muñoz y Carbón	1369 Teruel, Aragon	54 / 60 (†77)	Italian. Western Schism; In Opposition to Martin V
–	5 November 1439 – 7 April 1449 (9 years, 153 days) (3441)		Felix V Antipapa Felix Quintus	Amadeus VIII of Savoy	4 September 1383 Chambéry, France	56 / 65 (†67)	French. In Opposition to Martin V and Eugene IV’
207	3 March 1431 – 23 Feb 1447 (15 years, 357 days) (5836)		Eugene IV Papa EUGENIUS Quartus	Gabriele Condulmer, O.S.A.	1383 Venice, Republic of Venice	47 / 63	Italian. Member of the Augustinian Order. Nephew of Martin V. Crowned Sigismund emperor at Rome in 1433. Transferred the Council of Basel to Ferrara. It was later transferred again, to Florence, because of the Bubonic plague.
208	6 March 1447 – 24 March 1455 (8 years, 18 days) (2940)		Nicholas V Papa NICOLAUS Quintus	Tommaso Parentucelli, O.P.	13 November 1397 Sarzana, Republic of Genoa	49 / 57	Italian. Member of the Dominican Order. Held the Jubilee of 1450. Crowned Frederick III emperor at Rome (1452). Issued the Papal Bull Dum Diversasallowing Portugal’s right to conquer and subjugate Saracens and pagans (1452). Created a library in the Vatican which would eventually become the Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana.
209	8 April 1455 – 6 Aug 1458 (3 years, 120 days) (1216)		Callixtus III Papa CALLISTUS Tertius	Alfonso de Borja	31 December 1378 Xàtiva, Kingdom of Valencia, Crown of Aragon	76 / 79	The first Spanish pope. Ordered the Feast of the Transfiguration to be celebrated on 6 August. Ordered the retrial of Joan of Arc, in which she was vindicated.
210	19 August 1458– 15 Aug 1464 (5 years, 362 days) (2188)		Pius II Papa PIUS Secundus	Enea Silvio Piccolomini	18 October 1405 Corsignano, Republic of Siena	52 / 58	Italian. Displayed a great interest in urban planning. Founded Pienza near Siena as the ideal city in 1462. Known for his work on the Commentaries.
211	30 August 1464– 26 July 1471 (6 years, 330 days) (2521)		Paul II Papa PAULUS Secundus	Pietro Barbo	23 February 1417 Venice, Republic of Venice	47 / 54	Italian. The nephew of Eugene IV. Built the Palazzo San Marco (now Palazzo Venezia). Approved the introduction of printing in the Papal States.
212	9 August 1471 – 12 Aug 1484 (13 years, 3 days) (4752)		Sixtus IV Papa XYSTUS Quartus	Francesco della Rovere, O.F.M.	21 July 1414 Celle Ligure, Republic of Genoa	57 / 70	Italian. Member of the Franciscan Order. Commissioned the Sistine Chapel. Authorized an Inquisition targeting converted Jewish Christians in Spain at the request of Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand.
213	29 August 1484– 25 July 1492 (7 years, 331 days) (2887)		Innocent VIII Papa INNOCENTIUS Octavus	Giovanni Battista Cybo	1432 Genoa, Republic of Genoa	51 / 59	Italian. Appointed Tomás de Torquemada. Endorsed the prosecution of witchcraft in the bull Summis desiderantes affectibus (1484).
214	11 August 1492 – 18 Aug 1503 (11 years, 7 days) (4023)		Alexander VI Papa ALEXANDER Sextus	Roderic Llançol i de Borja	1 January 1431 Xàtiva, Kingdom of Valencia, Crown of Aragon	61 / 72	Spanish; Nephew of Callixtus III; father to Cesare Borgia and Lucrezia Borgia. Divided the extra-European world between Spain and Portugal in the bull Inter caetera (1493). No Alexander V due to the antipope.

16th century

Popes of the 16th century

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Portrait	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
215	22 September 1503 – 18 Oct 1503 (26 days) (26)		Pius III Papa PIUS Tertius	Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini	29 May 1439 Siena, Republic of Siena	64 / 64	Italian. Nephew of Pius II. Founded the Piccolomini Library in the Siena Cathedral.
216	31 October 1503– 21 Feb 1513 (9 years, 113 days) (3401)		Julius II Papa IULIUS Secundus	Giuliano della Rovere, O.F.M.	5 December 1443 Albisola, Republic of Genoa	59 / 69	Italian. Nephew of Sixtus IV; convened the Fifth Council of the Lateran(1512). Took control of all the Papal States for the first time. Commissioned Michelangelo to paint the Sistine Chapel ceiling. Commissioned the rebuilding of St Peter’s Basilica.
217	9 March 1513 – 1 Dec 1521 (8 years, 267 days) (3189)		Leo X Papa LEO Decimus	Giovanni di Lorenzo de’ Medici	11 December 1475 Florence, Republic of Florence	37 / 45	Italian. Son of Lorenzo the Magnificent. Closed the Fifth Council of the Lateran. Remembered for granting indulgences to those who donated to rebuild St. Peter’s Basilica; excommunicated Martin Luther (1521). Extended the Spanish Inquisition into Portugal.
218	9 January 1522– 14 Sep 1523 (1 year, 248 days) (613)		Adrian VI Papa HADRIANUS Sextus	Adriaan Floriszoon Boeyens	2 March 1459 Utrecht, Bishopric of Utrecht, Holy Roman Empire (now Netherlands)	62 / 64	Motto: Patere et sustine («Respect and wait»)The only Dutch pope; last non-Italian to be elected pope until John Paul II in 1978. Tutor of Emperor Charles V. Retained his baptismal name as his regnal name.
219	26 November 1523 – 25 Sep 1534 (10 years, 303 days) (3956)		Clement VII Papa CLEMENS Septimus	Giulio di Giuliano de’ Medici	26 May 1478 Florence, Republic of Florence	45 / 56	Motto: Candor illæsus («Unharmed candor»)Italian; Cousin of Leo X. Rome plundered by imperial troops (1527). Forbade the divorce of Henry VIII; crowned Charles V as emperor at Bologna (1530). His niece was married to the future Henry II of France. Ordered Michelangelo’s painting of The Last Judgment in the Sistine Chapel.
220	13 October 1534– 10 Nov 1549 (15 years, 28 days) (5507)		Paul III Papa PAULUS Tertius	Alessandro Farnese	29 February 1468 Canino, Lazio, Papal States	66 / 81	Italian. Opened the Council of Trent (1545). His illegitimate son became the first Duke of Parma. Decreed the second and final excommunication of Henry VIII. Appointed Michelangelo to supervise construction of St. Peter’s Basilica (1546).
221	7 February 1550– 29 March 1555 (5 years, 50 days) (1876)		Julius III Papa IULIUS Tertius	Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte	10 September 1487 Rome, Lazio, Papal States	62 / 67	Italian. Established the Collegium Germanicum (1552). Reconvened the Council of Trent. The Innocenzo Scandal.
222	9 April 1555 – 1 May 1555 (22 days) (22)		Marcellus II Papa MARCELLUS Secundus	Marcello Cervini degli Spannochi	6 May 1501 Montefano, Marche, Papal States	53 / 53	Italian. The last to use his birth name as the regnal name. Instituted immediate economies in Vatican expenditures. The Missa Papae Marcellicomposed in his honour.
223	23 May 1555 – 18 Aug 1559 (4 years, 87 days) (1548)		Paul IV Papa PAULUS Quartus	Giovanni Pietro Carafa, C.R.	28 June 1476 Capriglia Irpina, Campania, Kingdom of Naples	78 / 83	Motto: Dominus mihi adjutor («The Lord is my helper»)Italian. Member of the Theatines. Established the Roman Ghetto in Cum Nimis Absurdum (1555) and established the Index of Forbidden Books. Ordered Michelangelo to repaint the nudes of The Last Judgment modestly.
224	26 December 1559 – 9 Dec 1565 (5 years, 348 days) (2175)		Pius IV Papa PIUS Quartus	Giovanni Angelo Medici	31 March 1499 Milan, Duchy of Milan	60 / 66	Italian. Reopened and closed the Council of Trent. Ordered public construction to improve the water supply of Rome. Instituted the Tridentine Creed.
225	7 January 1566– 1 May 1572 (6 years, 115 days) (2306)		St Pius V Papa PIUS Quintus	Antonio Ghislieri, O.P.	17 January 1504 Bosco, Piedmont, Duchy of Milan	61 / 68	Motto: Utinam dirigantur viæ meæ ad custodiendas («It binds us to keep»)Italian. Member of the Dominican Order. Excommunicated Elizabeth I(1570). Battle of Lepanto (1571); instituted the feast of Our Lady of Victory. Issued the 1570 Roman Missal.
226	13 May 1572 – 10 April 1585 (12 years, 332 days) (4715)		Gregory XIII Papa GREGORIUS Tertius Decimus	Ugo Boncompagni	7 January 1502 Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States	70 / 83	Motto: Aperuit et clausit («Opened and closed»)Italian. Reformed the calendar (1582); built the Gregorian Chapel in the Vatican. The first pope to bestow the Immaculate Conception as Patroness to the Philippine Islands through the bull Ilius Fulti Præsido (1579). Strengthened diplomatic ties with Asian nations.
227	24 April 1585 – 27 Aug 1590 (5 years, 125 days) (1951)		Sixtus V Papa XYSTUS Quintus	Felice Peretti di Montalto, O.F.M. Conv.	13 December 1521 Grottammare, Marche, Papal States	63 / 68	Italian. Member of the Conventual Franciscan Order. Known for fixing and completing building works to major basilicas in Rome. Limited the College of Cardinals to 70 in number; doubled the number of curial congregations.
228	15 September 1590 – 27 Sep 1590 (12 days) (12)		Urban VII Papa URBANUS Septimus	Giovanni Battista Castagna	4 August 1521 Rome, Lazio, Papal States	69 / 69	Italian; Supported by the Spanish. Shortest-reigning pope; died before coronation. Set the first known worldwide smoking ban, banning smoking in and near all churches.
229	5 December 1590 – 16 Oct 1591 (315 days) (315)		Gregory XIV Papa GREGORIUS Quartus Decimus	Niccolò Sfondrati	11 February 1535 Somma Lombardo, Lombardy, Duchy of Milan	55 / 56	Italian. Modified the constitution Effraenatam of Sixtus V so that the penalty for abortion did not apply until the foetus became animated (1591). Made gambling on papal elections punishable by excommunication.
230	29 October 1591– 30 Dec 1591 (62 days) (62)		Innocent IX Papa INNOCENTIUS Nonus	Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti	20 July 1519 Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States	72 / 72	Italian. Supported the cause of Philip II and the Catholic League against Henry IV in the French Wars of Religion. Prohibited the alienation of church property.
231	30 January 1592– 3 March 1605 (13 years, 32 days) (4781)		Clement VIII Papa CLEMENS Octavus	Ippolito Aldobrandini	24 February 1536 Fano, Marche, Papal States	55 / 69	Italian. Initiated an alliance of European Christian powers to partake in the war with the Ottoman Empire known as The Long War (1595). Convened the Congregatio de Auxiliis which addressed doctrinal disputes between the Dominicans and Jesuits regarding free will and divine grace.

17th century

Popes of the 17th century

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Portrait	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
232	1 April 1605 – 27 April 1605 (26 days) (26)		Leo XI Papa LEO Undecimus	Alessandro Ottaviano de’ Medici	2 June 1535 Florence, Duchy of Florence	69 / 69	Italian. The nephew of Leo X. Called «Papa Lampo» (Lightning Pope) for his brief pontificate.
233	16 May 1605 – 28 Jan 1621 (15 years, 257 days) (5736)		Paul V Papa PAULUS Quintus	Camillo Borghese	17 September 1550 Rome, Lazio, Papal States	52 / 68	Motto: Absit nisi in te gloriari («May it be absent, except to glory in you»)Italian. Known for various building projects which included the facade of St Peter’s Basilica. Established the Bank of the Holy Spirit (1605); restored the Aqua Traiana.
234	9 February 1621– 8 July 1623 (2 years, 149 days) (879)		Gregory XV Papa GREGORIUS Quintus Decimus	Alessandro Ludovisi	9 January 1554 Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States	67 / 69	Italian. Established the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith (1622). Issued the bull Aeterni Patris (1621) which imposed conclaves to be by secret ballot. Issued the constitution Omnipotentis Dei against magicians and witches (1623).
235	6 August 1623 – 29 July 1644 (20 years, 358 days) (7663)		Urban VIII Papa URBANUS Octavus	Maffeo Barberini	5 April 1568 Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany	55 / 76	Italian. Trial against Galileo Galilei. The last pope to expand papal territory by force of arms. Issued a 1624 bull that made the use of tobacco in holy places punishable by excommunication.
236	15 September 1644 – 7 Jan 1655 (10 years, 114 days) (3766)		Innocent X Papa INNOCENTIUS Decimus	Giovanni Battista Pamphilj	6 May 1574 Rome, Lazio, Papal States	70 / 80	Motto: Alleviatæ sunt aquæ super terram («Water on earth»)Italian. The great-great-great-grandson of Alexander VI. Erected the Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi in Piazza Navona. Promulgated the apostolic constitution Cum occasione (1653) which condemned five doctrines of Jansenism as heresy.
237	7 April 1655 – 22 May 1667 (12 years, 45 days) (4428)		Alexander VII Papa ALEXANDER Septimus	Fabio Chigi	13 February 1599 Siena, Grand Duchy of Tuscany	56 / 68	Italian. Great-nephew of Paul V. Commissioned St. Peter’s Square. Issued the constitution Sollicitudo Omnium Ecclesiarum that set the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception almost identical to that of Pius IX centuries later.
238	20 June 1667 – 9 Dec 1669 (2 years, 172 days) (903)		Clement IX Papa CLEMENS Nonus	Giulio Rospigliosi	28 January 1600 Pistoia, Grand Duchy of Tuscany	67 / 69	Motto: Aliis non sibi Clemens («Clement to others, not to himself»)Italian. Mediated in the peace of Aachen (1668).
239	29 April 1670 – 22 July 1676 (6 years, 84 days) (2276)		Clement X Papa CLEMENS Decimus	Emilio Bonaventura Altieri	13 July 1590 Rome, Lazio, Papal States	79 / 86	Motto: Bonum auget malum minuit («He increases good and diminishes evil»)Italian. Canonized the first saint from the Americas: St. Rose of Lima (1671). Decorated the bridge of Sant’ Angelo with the ten statues of angels and the two fountains that adorn the piazza of St. Peter’s. Established regulations for the removal of relics of saints from cemeteries.
240	21 September 1676 – 12 Aug 1689 (12 years, 325 days) (4708)		Bl. Innocent XI Papa INNOCENTIUS Undecimus	Benedetto Odescalchi	16 May 1611 Como, Lombardy, Duchy of Milan	65 / 78	Motto: Avarus non Implebitur («The covetous man is not satisfied»)Italian. Condemned the doctrine of mental reservation (1679) and initiated the Holy League. Extended the Holy Name of Mary as a universal feast (1684). Admired for positive contributions to catechesis.
241	6 October 1689 – 1 Feb 1691 (1 year, 118 days) (483)		Alexander VIII Papa ALEXANDER Octavus	Pietro Vito Ottoboni	22 April 1610 Venice, Republic of Venice	79 / 80	Italian. Condemned the so-called philosophical sin (1690).
242	12 July 1691 – 27 Sep 1700 (9 years, 77 days) (3364)		Innocent XII Papa INNOCENTIUS Duodecimus	Antonio Pignatelli, O.F.S	13 March 1615 Spinazzola, Apulia, Kingdom of Naples	76 / 85	Italian. Issued the bull Romanum decet Pontificem to stop nepotism (1692). Erected various charitable and educational institutions.

18th century

Popes of the 18th century

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Portrait	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
243	23 November 1700 – 19 March 1721 (20 years, 116 days) (7421)		Clement XI Papa CLEMENS Undecimus	Giovanni Francesco Albani	23 July 1649 Urbino, Marche, Papal States	51 / 71	Italian. The «Chinese Rites» controversy. Patronized the first archaeological excavations in the Roman catacombs and made the feast of the Immaculate Conception universal.
244	8 May 1721 – 7 March 1724 (2 years, 304 days) (1034)		Innocent XIII Papa INNOCENTIUS Tertius Decimus	Michelangelo dei Conti	13 May 1655 Poli, Lazio, Papal States	65 / 68	Italian. Prohibited the Jesuits from prosecuting their mission in Chinaordering that no new members should be received into the order. Issued the papal bull Apostolici Ministerii (1724) to revive ecclesiastical discipline in Spain.
245	29 May 1724 – 21 Feb 1730 (5 years, 268 days) (2094)		S.D. Benedict XIII Papa BENEDICTUS Tertius Decimus	Pietro Francesco Orsini, O.P.	2 February 1649 Gravina in Puglia, Bari, Kingdom of Naples	75 / 81	Italian. Member of the Dominican Order; third and last member of the Orsini family to be pope. Originally called Benedict XIV due to the antipope but reverted to XIII. Repealed the worldwide tobacco smoking ban set by Urban VII and Urban VIII.
246	12 July 1730 – 6 Feb 1740 (9 years, 209 days) (3496)		Clement XII Papa CLEMENS Duodecimus	Lorenzo Corsini, O.F.S	7 April 1652 Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany	78 / 87	Motto: Dabis discernere inter malum et bonum («You shall deign to distinguish between good and evil»)Italian. Completed the new façade of the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran(1735). Commissioned the Trevi Fountain in Rome (1732). Condemned Freemasonry in In eminenti apostolatus (1738). Last pope to be elected at an old age until Pope Benedict XVI in 2005.
247	17 August 1740 – 3 May 1758 (17 years, 259 days) (6468)		Benedict XIV Papa BENEDICTUS Quartus Decimus	Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini	31 March 1675 Bologna, Papal States	65 / 83	Motto: Curabuntur omnes («All will be healed»)Italian. Reformed the education of priests and the calendar of feasts. Completed the Trevi Fountain and affirmed the teachings of Thomas Aquinas; founded academies of art, religion and science.
248	6 July 1758 – 2 Feb 1769 (10 years, 211 days) (3864)		Clement XIII Papa CLEMENS Tertius Decimus	Carlo della Torre di Rezzonico	7 March 1693 Venice, Republic of Venice	65 / 75	Italian. Provided the famous fig leaves on nude male statues in the Vatican. Defended the Society of Jesus in «Apostolicum pascendi» (1765).
249	19 May 1769 – 22 Sep 1774 (5 years, 126 days) (1952)		Clement XIV Papa CLEMENS Quartus Decimus	Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli, O.F.M. Conv.	31 October 1705 Sant’ Arcangelo di Romagna, Papal States	63 / 68	Italian. Member of the Conventual Franciscan Order. Suppressed the Society of Jesus in the brief «Dominus ac Redemptor» (1773).
250	15 February 1775 – 29 Aug 1799 (24 years, 195 days) (8961)		Pius VI Papa PIUS Sextus	Count Giovanni Angelo Braschi	25 December 1717 Cesena, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States	57 / 81	Motto: Floret in domo domini («It blossoms in the house of God»)Italian. Condemned the French Revolution; expelled from the Papal States by French troops from 1798 until his death. The last pope to be a patron of Renaissance art.
—	29 August 1799 – 14 March 1800 (228 days)		Interregnum				Six-month period without a valid pope elected. This was due to unique logistical problems (the old pope died a prisoner and the conclave was in Venice) and a deadlock among cardinals voting.

19th century

Popes of the 19th century

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Portrait	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
251	14 March 1800 – 20 Aug 1823 (23 years, 159 days) (8559)		S.D. Pius VII Papa PIUS Septimus	Count Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti, O.S.B.	14 August 1742 Cesena, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States	57 / 81	Italian. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Present at Napoleon’scoronation as Emperor of the French. Expelled from the Papal States by the French between 1809 and 1814.
252	28 September 1823 – 10 Feb 1829 (5 years, 135 days) (1962)		Leo XII Papa LEO Duodecimus	Count Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiore Girolamo Nicola Sermattei della Genga	22 August 1760 Genga, Marche, Papal States	63 / 68	Italian. Placed the Catholic educational system under the control of the Jesuits through Quod divina sapientia (1824). Condemned the Bible societies.
253	31 March 1829 – 30 Nov 1830 (1 year, 244 days) (609)		Pius VIII Papa PIUS Octavus	Francesco Saverio Castiglioni	20 November 1761 Cingoli, Marche, Papal States	67 / 69	Italian. Accepted Louis Philippe I as King of the French. Condemned the masonic secret societies and modernist biblical translations in the brief Litteris altero (1830).
254	2 February 1831– 1 June 1846 (15 years, 119 days) (5598)		Gregory XVI Papa GREGORIUS Sextus Decimus	Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari, O.S.B. Cam.	18 September 1765 Belluno, Veneto, Republic of Venice	65 / 80	Italian. Member of the Camaldolese Order; last non-bishop to be elected to the papacy. Opposed democratic and modernising reforms in the Papal States.
255	16 June 1846 – 7 Feb 1878 (31 years, 236 days) (11559)		Bl. Pius IX Papa PIUS Nonus	Count Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, O.F.S.	13 May 1792 Senigallia, Marche, Papal States	54 / 85	Italian. Opened the First Vatican Council; lost the Papal States to Italy. Defined the dogma of the Immaculate Conception and defined papal infallibility. Issued the controversial Syllabus of Errors. Longest-serving pope since Peter (c. AD 30-64).
256	20 February 1878 – 20 July 1903 (25 years, 150 days) (9280)		Leo XIII Papa LEO Tertius Decimus	Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci, O.F.S.	2 March 1810 Carpineto Romano, Lazio, Italy	67 / 93	Italian. Issued the encyclical Rerum novarum; supported Christian democracy against Communism. Had the third-longest reign after Pius IX, and John Paul II. Promoted the rosary and the scapular and approved two new Marian scapulars; first pope to fully embrace the concept of Mary as mediatrix.

20th century

Popes of the 20th century

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Portrait	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
257	4 August 1903 – 20 Aug 1914 (11 years, 16 days) (4034)		St Pius X Papa PIUS Decimus	Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto, O.F.S.	2 June 1835 Riese, Treviso, Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia	68 / 79	Motto: Instaurare Omnia in Christo («Restore all things in Christ»)Italian. Encouraged and expanded reception of the Eucharist. Combatted Modernism; issued the oath against it. Advocated the Gregorian Chant and reformed the Roman Breviary.
258	3 September 1914 – 22 Jan 1922 (7 years, 141 days) (2698)		Benedict XV Papa BENEDICTUS Quintus Decimus	Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Battista Della Chiesa, O.F.S.	21 November 1854 Pegli, Genoa, Kingdom of Sardinia	59 / 67	Motto: In te, Domine, speravi: non confundar in aeternum. («In thee, o Lord, have I trusted: let me not be confounded for evermore.»)Italian. Credited for intervening for peace during World War I. Issued the 1917 Code of Canon Law; supported the missionaries in Maximum illud. Remembered by Benedict XVI as a «prophet of peace».
259	6 February 1922– 10 Feb 1939 (17 years, 4 days) (6213)		Pius XI Papa PIUS Undecimus	Achille Ambrogio Damiano Ratti, O.F.S.	31 May 1857 Desio, Milan, Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia	64 / 81	Motto: Pax Christi in Regno Christi («The Peace of Christ in the Kingdom of Christ»)Italian. Signed the Lateran Treaty with Italy (1929) establishing Vatican Cityas a sovereign state. Inaugurated Vatican Radio (1931). Re-founded the Pontifical Academy of Sciences (1936). Created the feast of Christ the King. Opposed Communism and Nazism.
260	2 March 1939 – 9 Oct 1958 (19 years, 221 days) (7161)		Ven. Pius XII Papa PIUS Duodecimus	Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli, O.F.S.	2 March 1876 Rome, Italy	63 / 82	Motto: Opus Justitiae Pax («The work of justice [shall be] peace»)Italian. Invoked papal infallibility in the encyclical Munificentissimus Deus; defined the dogma of the Assumption. Eliminated the Italian majority of cardinals. Credited with intervening for peace during World War II; controversial for his reactions to the Holocaust.
261	28 October 1958– 3 June 1963 (4 years, 218 days) (1679)		St John XXIII Papa IOANNES Vicesimus Tertius	Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, O.F.S.	25 November 1881 Sotto il Monte, Bergamo, Italy	76 / 81	Motto: Obedientia et Pax («Obedience and peace»)Italian. Opened the Second Vatican Council; called «Good Pope John». Issued the encyclical Pacem in terris (1963) on peace and nuclear disarmament; intervened for peace during the Cuban Missile Crisis (1962).
262	21 June 1963 – 6 Aug 1978 (15 years, 46 days) (5525)		St Paul VI Papa PAULUS Sextus	Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini	26 September 1897 Concesio, Brescia, Italy	65 / 80	Motto: Cum Ipso in Monte («With Him on the mount»)Italian. Last pope to be crowned. First pope since 1809 to travel outside Italy. Closed the Second Vatican Council. Issued the encyclical Humanae vitae(1968) condemning artificial contraception. Revised the Roman Missal(1969).
263	26 August 1978 – 28 Sep 1978 (33 days) (33)		Ven. John Paul I Papa IOANNES PAULUS Primus	Albino Luciani	17 October 1912 Forno di Canale, Belluno, Italy	65 / 65	Motto: Humilitas («Humility»)Italian. Abolished the coronation opting for the Papal Inauguration. First pope to use ‘the First’ in papal name; first with two names for two immediate predecessors. Last pope to use the Sedia Gestatoria.
264	16 October 1978– 2 April 2005 (26 years, 168 days) (9665)		St John Paul II (John Paul the Great) Papa IOANNES PAULUS Secundus	Karol Józef Wojtyła	20 May 1920 Wadowice, Poland	58 / 84	Motto: Totus Tuus («Totally yours»)Polish. First non-Italian pope since Adrian VI (1522–1523). Traveled extensively, visiting 129 countries during his pontificate. Second longest reign after Pius IX. Founded World Youth Day (1984) and the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences (1994). Canonized more saints than all his predecessors. Youngest individual to start his papacy since Pius IX (1846).

3rd millennium

21st century

Popes of the 21st century

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Portrait	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
265	19 April 2005 – 28 Feb 2013 (7 years, 315 days) (2872)		Benedict XVI Papa BENEDICTUS Decimus Sextus	Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger	16 April 1927 (age 92) Marktl am Inn, Bavaria, Germany	78 / 85	Motto: Cooperatores Veritatis («Cooperators of the truth»)German. Oldest to become pope since Clement XII (1730). Elevated the Tridentine Mass to a more prominent position and promoted the use of Latin; re-introduced several disused papal garments. Established the Anglican Ordinariate (2009). First pope to renounce the papacy on his own initiative since Celestine V (1294), retaining regnal name with title of Pope Emeritus.
266	13 March 2013 – present (6 years, 138 days) (2329)		Francis Papa FRANCISCUS	Jorge Mario Bergoglio, S.J.	17 December 1936 (age 82) Flores, Buenos Aires, Argentina	76 / –	Motto: Miserando atque Eligendo («Lowly but chosen», literally ‘by having mercy, by choosing him’)Argentinian. First pope to be born outside Europe since Gregory III (731–741) and the first from the Americas; first pope from the Southern Hemisphere. First pope from a religious institute since Gregory XVI (1831–1846); first Jesuit pope. First to use a new and non-composed regnal name since Lando(913–914). First pope to visit and hold papal mass in the Arabian Peninsula.

Religious orders

51 popes and 6 antipopes (in italics) have been members of religious orders, including 12 members of third orders. They are listed by order as follows:

Notes on numbering of popes

A number of anomalies in the list given above need further explanation:

• Felix II (356–357), Boniface VII (974, 984–985), John XVI (997–998), Benedict X (1058–1059) and Alexander V (1409–1410) are not listed because they are all considered antipopes.
• The numbering of popes named Felix has been amended to omit antipope Felix II; however, most lists still call the last two Felixes: Felix III and Felix IV. Additionally, there was an antipope Felix V.
• There has never been a pope John XX as a result of confusion of the numbering system in the 11th century.
• Pope-elect Stephen, who died before being consecrated, has not been on the Vatican’s official list of popes since 1961, but appears on lists dating from before 1960. The following popes called Stephen are now numbered as Pope Stephen II (752–757) to Pope Stephen IX (1057–1058), rather than Stephen III to Stephen X.
• When Simon de Brion became pope in 1281, he chose to be called Martin. At that time, Marinus I and Marinus II were mistakenly considered to be Martin II and Martin III respectively, and so, erroneously, Simon de Brion became Pope Martin IV.
• Pope Donus II, said to have reigned about 974, never existed. The belief resulted from the confusion of the title dominus (lord) with a proper name.
• Pope Joan also never existed; however, legends about her may have originated from stories about the pornocracy.
• The status of Antipope John XXIII was uncertain for hundreds of years, and was finally settled in 1958 when Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli announced his own name as John XXIII. Baldassare Cossa, who was Antipope John XXIII, served as a Cardinal of the reunited church before his death in 1419 and his remains are found in the Florence Baptistery.
• Those who adhere to Sedevacantism say that there have been no legitimate popes since Pius XII or John XXIII. This is because they consider all popes since the Second Vatican Council to be heretics.
• The Popes listed here can be visualized based on their birthplaces on the Pope Birthplace Map.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_popes

Published in July 2019.

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